PM2.5 inventories have been developed inmajor Chinese cities to quantify the contributions from various sources based on annual emissions. This approach, however, could substantially underestimate the contribution fromopen straw burning during the harvest or other active burning periods. This study examines this issue by estimatingmonthly and annual straw-burning PM2.5 emissions in China and co...

The effects of fat source (0.7 kg of fatty acids from extruded soybeans or palmitic acid), of sodium bicarbonate (0.3 kg) plus straw (1 kg) and the interaction of these treatments on the content of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in the milk of dairy cows were examined. During nine weeks a group of 10 cows received a ration with palmitic acid and bicarbonate plus straw (ration PAB). During three...

We investigated the feasibility of anaerobic codigestion of sewage sludge and rice straw. Laboratory-scale mesophilic and thermophilic digesters were operated with hydraulic retention times of 20 and 15 days, respectively. The feeding ratio of sewage sludge and rice straw was 1:0.5 based on the total solids (TS). Before digestion, the rice straw was ground to ca. 5 mm in length (grinding pretre...

Differences in the composition of a bacterial community engaged in decomposing wheat straw in a fluvo-aquic soil at 15 °C, 25 °C, and 35 °C were identified using barcode pyrosequencing. Functional carbon groups in the decomposing wheat straw were evaluated by (13)C-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance). Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were more abundant, whereas Alphaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes w...

Free standing and vertically aligned silicon rice-straw- like array emitters were fabricated by modified electroless metal deposition (EMD), using HF-H(2)O(2) as an etching solution to reduce the emitter density and to make the emitter end of the formed silicon rice-straw arrays shaper than those formed by conventional EMD. These silicon rice-straw array emitters can be turned on at E(0) = 4.7 ...

Wood is a renewable material that can store biogenic carbon, and waste wood be recycled to recover bioenergy. The amount of energy recovery from the vary depending on type its chemical structural properties. This paper will analyse life cycle environmental impact wood, starting production stage. These are cradle-to-cradle systems, excluding use phase collection phase. types considered in curren...

In this study the production of particleboard using two fast growing tree species viz., Eucalyptus tereticornis and Melia dubia Urea Formaldehyde as adhesive. This experiment was conducted in Centaury plywood industry, Chennai. The physical mechanical properties were assessed for suitability production. Based on wood, Particleboards produced (100%) raw material. Physical Mechanical both particl...

To reduce Cd phytoavailability in calcareous soils, the effects of soil amendments of red mud, rape straw, and corn straw in combination with zinc fertilization on Cd extractability and phytoavailability to spinach, tomato, Chinese cabbage and radish were investigated in a calcareous soil with added Cd at 1.5 mg kg-1. The results showed that water soluble and exchangeable Cd in soils was signif...

This research evaluated biogas production in batch and UASB reactors from pilot-scale acid catalysed steam pretreated and enzymatic hydrolysed wheat straw. The results showed that the pretreatment was efficient and, a sugar yield of 95% was obtained. The pretreatment improved the methane yield (0.28 m(3)/kg VS(added)) by 57% compared to untreated straw. Treatment of the straw hydrolysate with n...

Chopped wheat straw, containing increasing amounts of added water was treated with a constant level of ammonia (3.3 percent of straw dry matter) as ammonium hydroxide, and stored for I to 60 days before determing in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVD MD), nitrogen content and fiber-bound nitrogen (ADF-N) versus free ammonia nitrogen (NH3N) of the treated sample. The overall improvement (e.g., ...