The reload provision in an employee stock option entitles its holder to receive one new (reload) option from the employer for each share tendered as payment of strike upon the exercise of the stock option. The number of reloads allowed can be finite or infinite. The shout feature in a call option allows its holder to reset the option’s strike price to the prevailing stock price upon shouting. W...

Many stock exchanges set up certain limits on the maximum variation that a stock is allowed to have in a single day. Table 1 gives an overview of the price limit rules of some of the world exchanges. As reflected in the table, among stock exchanges in 41 countries that we obtain information, 23 of them have price limits and 7 of them have some kinds of circuit breaker rules. The normal assertio...

Stock model is used to describe the evolution of stock price in the form of differential equations. In early years, the stock price was assumed to follow a stochastic differential equation driven by a Brownian motion, and some famous models such as Black-Scholes stock model and Black-Karasinski stock model were widely used. This paper assumes that the stock price follows an uncertain differenti...

Stock loan is different from the traditional loan, it needs to be collateralized by stock. Fairly valuing stock loan is very important for financial market participants. The main contribution of this paper is to give a valuing method of stock loan in uncertain environment. Under the assumption that the underlying stock price follows an uncertain mean-reverting stock model, the price formulas of...

My dissertation examines the stock market’s assessment of corporate mandatory and voluntary disclosure. Specifically, the first part of the dissertation investigates the stock market reaction to the mandatory segment reporting changes and the second part studies how the stock market assesses credibility of voluntary management forecasts. The dissertation is composed of two essays. The first ess...

different areas of modern financial tools and processes activities contain the matters like innovations in financial tools engineering and risk management. derivatives and especially stock exchange option is part of this innovation. among all numerical procedures in calculating the value of derivatives and the risk sensitivity parameters of option, binomial models are widely used. in this stud...

We analyze the joint inventory and pricing decisions of a firm when demand depends on not only the current selling price but also a memory-based reference price and customers are loss averse. The presence of reference price effect leads to a non-concave one-period expected revenue in price and reference price. We introduce a transformation technique that allows us to prove under some mild assum...

The aim of this research is to analyze the connection between dividend announcement and stock price on Croatian capital market using event study methodology. Research period was the period from the year 2007 to the year 2009. Results have confirmed that dividend change has statistically significant value for investors. Dividend increase and dividend decrease resulted with statistically signific...

Price limit trading rules are adopted in some stock markets (especially emerging markets) trying to cool off traders' short-term trading mania on individual stocks and increase market efficiency. Under such a microstructure, stocks may hit their up-limits and down-limits from time to time. However, the behaviors of price limit hits are not well studied partially due to the fact that main stock ...

A simple model that is commonly used to interpret movements in corporate common stock. price indexes asserts that real stock prices equal the present value of rationally expected or optimally forecasted future real dividends discounted by a constant real discount rate. This valuation model (or variations on it in which the real discount rate is not constant but fairly stable) is often used by e...