1. Microphonic and summating potentials were recorded extracellularly from lateral line organs in the suborbital canal of the perch in response to sinusoidal movements of canal fluid. 2. These potentials were changed in amplitude, shape and phase, relative to the mechanical stimulus, by electrical stimulation of efferent fibres in the lateral line nerve. 3. The receptor potential amplitude/stim...

The effect of electrical stimulation on neuronal membrane potential is frequency dependent. Low frequency electrical stimulation can evoke action potentials, whereas high frequency stimulation can inhibit action potential transmission. Optical stimulation of channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) expressed in neuronal membranes can also excite action potentials. However, it is unknown whether optical stimul...

Electrical high frequency stimulation is used as treatment for motoricas well as psychomotoric disorders in various regions of the brain. The biochemical mechanisms of the action of high frequency stimulation underlying the effective results are unclear. Previous studies have demonstrated that electrical 130 Hz stimulation was capable of increasing local γaminobutyric acid outflow in the rat ca...

Neurostimulation is a promising treatment for refractory epilepsy. We studied the effect of cortical stimulation with different parameters in the rat motor cortex stimulation model. High intensity simulation (threshold for motor response--100 μA), high frequency (130 Hz) stimulation during 1 h decreased cortical excitability, irrespective of the interpulse interval used (fixed or Poisson distri...

BackgroundHigh frequency (130 Hz) subthalamic Deep-Brain-Stimulation (STN-DBS) optimally improves cardinal motor symptoms in Parkinson disease (PD). Low stimulation frequencies (60–80 improve axial some patients and, according to preliminary evidences, may also have a beneficial effect on the cognitive component of planning.ObjectiveTo analyze configuration P300 cortical event-related auditory ...

Miniature endplate potentials (MEPPs) were recorded from frog sartorious neuromuscular junctions under conditions of reduced quantal contents to study the effect of repetitive nerve stimulation on asynchronous (tonic) quantal transmitter release. MEPP frequency increased during repetitive stimulation and then decayed back to the control level after the conditioning trains. The decay of the incr...

Preliminary results from animal and clinical studies demonstrate that electrical stimulation of brain structures can reduce seizure frequency in patients with refractory epilepsy. Since most researchers derive stimulation parameters by trial and error, it is unclear what stimulation frequency, amplitude and duration constitutes a set of optimal stimulation parameters for aborting seizure activi...

Pro- and mature neurotrophins often elicit opposing biological effects. For example, mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF) is critical for long-term potentiation induced by high-frequency stimulation, whereas proBDNF facilitate long-term depression induced by low-frequency stimulation. Because mBDNF is derived from proBDNF by endoproteolytic cleavage, mechanisms regulating the cleava...

A relative high power in the alpha band (8 – 13Hz) at a particular EEG position is believed to indicate an active inhibitory state of the corresponding cortical site. According to this hypothesis an active inhibitory state corresponds to a lower engagement of the cortical site and is accompanied by a higher engagement of other sites (possibly neighboring ones). In this project the influence of ...

background : deep brain stimulation (dbs) of the globuspallidusinternus (gpi) is recommended as a promising technique for the management of the primary generalized dystonia (pgd) with dyt1 gene mutation. we present the first report of dbs results in iranian patients with dyt1 positive pgd.   methods : nine patients who suffered from severely disabling dyt1 positive pgd consecutively were recrui...