the first step in mining activities is rock excavation in both mine development and production. constant pressure for cost reduction and creating an improved/safe work environment for personnel has naturally resulted in increased use of mechanical excavation systems in many mining operations. also, mechanical excavation and mining is more compatible with automation, meaning possibility of reduc...

This paper describes the design, construction and early performance of a retaining structure close to a subway tunnel in Barcelona. The excavation, about 16 m deep, was carried out in 2001 during the construction of a new hospital, and involved a rectangular area with the longer side (170 m) almost parallel to the tunnel. The design had to fulfil two requirements: first, the influence of the ex...

Background: This research aims to improve the urban excavation safety by creating an uncertainty-aware, geospatial augmented reality (AR) to visualize and monitor the proximity between invisible utilities and digging implements. Excavation is the single largest cause of utility strikes. Utility strikes could be prevented if the excavator operator were able to “see” buried utilities and excavato...

One practical excavation support system is the inclined struts connected to adjacent buildings. This method is very common in small excavations, because of simplicity and minimum cost, when soil is cohesive and depth of excavation is less than stability depth (Hcr) but adjacent structures is at risk of damage due to weakness, old age or lack of proper skeleton frame. Although this method ...

The site BAF-5 is located on the summit of Resolution Island, Nunavut, just southeast of Baffin Island at 61 degrees 35'N and 60 degrees 40'W. The site was part of a North American military defense system established in the 1950s that became heavily contaminated with PCBs during and subsequent, its operational years. Remediation through excavation of the PCB contaminated soil at Resolution Isla...

OBJECTIVES To compare the micro-tensile bond strengths of two different adhesive systems (ABF (Clearfil Protect Bond), Kuraray Medical Inc., Tokyo, Japan) and Prime & Bond NT (PBNT, Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany) bonded to caries-affected dentine retained after chemo-mechanical caries removal using Carisolv gel, with that retained after excavation using conventional hand instrumentation. METHOD...

In archaeological sites there are often several levels of ruins when the site has been constructed upon other ancient or prehistorical sites. It is very important for the archaeological research to map and monitor each step of the excavation. The traditional way for mapping of excavation is time consuming. Digital photogrammetry enables instead fast acquisition and processing of the data. Conti...

The expansion of underground structures is important in urban areas with high population density. In most large cities in the world, urban development is spreading along the structures. These structures are generally located at shallow depth; therefore study of shallow tunnels in urban areas is critical for development. During the excavation of tunnels in urban areas, creating the asymmetric se...

The TRANSLATION Framework for Archaeological Excavation Data: Transparent Negotiation and Sharing of Local Application Terminologies, Instances and Ontologies. A progress report submitted for continuation towards a PhD