Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of extrusion of corn on nutrient digestibility, metabolizable energy and performance in poultry under tropical environment. In experiment 1, twenty one male broilers were allotted in an individual metabolic cage and fed mash diets with: 1) basal diet containing 45.7% dextrose; 2) 40% substitution of normal corn for dextrose and 3) 40% subst...

A method for determination of riboflavin in animal feeds using liquid chromatography (LC) was developed for feed samples fortified with riboflavin at 1 mg/lb or greater (up to 10,000 mg/lb). Feed samples were extracted in 0.1 N HCl with heating on a steam bath for 30 min, followed immediately by mechanical shaking for 30 min. Sample extracts were diluted to target volume with 2% acetic acid and...

DC lOO%-steam plasma characteristics were investigated for the application of halogenated hydrocarbon decomposition because steam plasmas are chemically reactive. However, plasma system generally requires complex subsystems such as steam generators and cooling units. The presented steam plasma system is a portable light-weight plasma generation system that does not require any gas supply unit. ...

There exists general agreement that the steam engine's rise in importance occurred at the same time as large increases in firm size and growing urbanization, but no consensus concerning the degree to which the steam engine served as an exogenous fo rce fueling urban growth. We reexamine the hypothesis that a leading brand of steam engine made by the Corliss Company fue led urbanization in the l...

In this work, a methodology for building multi-period optimisation model of steam turbine network is presented. The optimisation model can estimate and evaluate the effect of changes to the thermal energy demand of processes. The subject is divided into two parts. In Part I, a method for finding regression models for steam turbine networks using a simulation model and an evolutionary algorithm ...

The application of moist heat in an autoclave is the best method of sterilizing dressings. In order to kill the most resistant pathogenic spores they must be exposed for at least 20 minutes to saturated steam at 1210 C. (Ministry of Health, 1955). At this temperature pure steam exerts a pressure of 15 lb./sq. in. The steam should be dry but at the phase boundary between liquid and vapour, so th...

During the lifetime of any industrial equipment, including steam boilers and pressure vessels, it may be required, for various reasons, to estimate its remaining service lifetime. The operation of steam boilers is a complex process resulting in metal fatigue due to temperature cycling and pressure fluctuation, as well as in erosion and chemical depositions. Thus, during boiler operation, variou...

It is argued that the Carnot cycle is a highly inaccurate representation of a steam engine, and that the net work obtained in its operation would be zero. This conclusion is also supported by an elementary mathematical approach, which reexamines the work done in the four individual steps of the cycle. An important consequence of this is that the concept of entropy, originally proposed on the ba...

Over the last 10 years the electrical propulsion fleet grew three times faster than the world fleet. This paper provides an overlook of the main drivers supporting this impressive growth and explores supporting drivers for future growth. The paper also explores two emerging technologies in electrical propulsion and distribution and how these influence ship design: DC distribution and energy sto...

Thermodynamics has played a singular role in the development of virtually all energy technologies to-date. This review argues that it also has a role to play in the understanding and design of solar cell operation, particularly looking toward the future, high-efficiency solar cells. After a historical overview of the key developments in the ‘thermodynamics of light,’ the conversion of a monochr...