The critical, fundamental mechanisms that determine the emergence of status epilepticus from a single seizure and the prolonged duration of status epilepticus are uncertain. However, several general concepts of the pathophysiology of status epilepticus have emerged: (a) the hippocampus is consistently activated during status epilepticus; (b) loss of GABA-mediated inhibitory synaptic transmissio...

Although there is no consensus over a classification system for status epilepticus, classification is necessary for appropriate management of the condition because effective management depends on the type of status epilepticus. In general, the various systems characterize status epilepticus according to where the seizures arise—from a localized region of the cortex (partial onset) or from both ...

Convulsive status epilepticus is the most extreme form of seizure. It is a medical and neurological emergency that requires prompt and appropriate treatment. Treatment of convulsive status epilepticus is usually divided into stages/steps. The International League Against Epilepsy has released a new definition of status epilepticus that may help to unify the definition in future studies. Over th...

BACKGROUND Our goal was to perform a systematic review of the literature on the use of intravenous magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) for non-eclamptic status epilepticus (SE) and refractory status epilepticus (RSE). METHODS Articles from MEDLINE, BIOSIS, EMBASE, Global Health, Scopus, Cochrane Library, the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, clinicaltrials.gov (inception to June 2015), r...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of transcranial focal electrical stimulation (TFS) on γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate release in the hippocampus under basal conditions and during pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE). Animals were previously implanted with a guide cannula attached to a bipolar electrode into the right ventral hippocampus and a concentric ...

OBJECTIVE Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is currently considered as one of the most frequent types of status epilepticus (SE). The objective of the present study was to identify the natural history of the electrographical evolution of refractory NCSE and to establish the relationship between ictal patterns and prognosis. METHODS We analyzed, retrospectively, 14 patients with loss of ...

Email :ar [email protected] Abstract: Objective This study was designed to determine the etiology of status epilepticus (SE) and its relation to mortality. Materials and Methods This descriptive study was carried out based on the medical records of 40 patients with diagnosis of SE discharged from pediatric hospital of Bandar Abbas between March 2002 and March 2004. Multivariant analysis was pere...

PURPOSE Status epilepticus was rarely reported as the initial manifestation of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas. Successful treatment with endovascular intervention has not been reported in the literature. CASE REPORT We report three cases of dural arteriovenous fistulas initially presenting with various types of status epilepticus, including generalized tonic-clonic status epileptic...

PURPOSE To explore the feasibility, safety and efficacy of enterally administered topiramate (TPM) as an adjunctive treatment for adult patients with refractory generalized convulsive status epilepticus (RGCSE). METHODS This prospective open-label non-randomized clinical trial was performed at Namazee hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran from January 2013 through Febr...

Super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) is defined as status epilepticus (SE) that continues or recurs 24 h or more after the onset of anesthetic therapy, including those cases where SE recurs on the reduction or withdrawal of anesthesia. Although SRSE is a rare clinical problem, it is associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. This article reviews the treatment approaches and the s...