This study analyzed discussion in an online conference that supplemented class discussion using an instructional method called the starter-wrapper technique within a traditional graduate level educational psychology course. Various quantitative measures were recorded to compare instructor and student participation rates. In addition, Henri’s (1992) model for content analysis of computer-mediate...

The effect of starter culture and chemical acidulation on the growth and enterotoxigenesis of Staphylococcus aureus strain S-6 in Italian dry salami under commercial manufacturing conditions was studied. The experimental design included two levels of S. aureus (10 and 10/g), three levels of starter culture (0, 10, and 10/g), three levels of initial pH (pH(0)) (6.1, 5.5, and 4.8), two manufactur...

they should immediately start to drink and eat. A dense starter feed, high in energy and protein (with appropriate amounts of lysine and threonine), highly digestible for young chicks, is essential to reach target bodyweight. The high energy content of a starter diet should never be achieved by adding fat or oil containing saturated fatty acids, because young chicks cannot digest them. Vegetabl...

'Advanced database applications', such as CAD/CAM, CASE, large AI applications or image and voice processing, place demands on transaction management which differ substantially from those in traditional database applications. In particular, there is a need to support 'enriched' data models (which include, for example, complex objects or version and configuration management), 'synergistic' coope...

Three-hundred-seventy-eight, 18-21 day-old, pigs were used to evaluate subsequent weanling pig performance, during the second and third dietary phases, following initial phase 1 exposure to a commercial pelleted starter (CS) diet or farm processed wheat/barley/dried whey based starter diets prepared with, or without, spray dried porcine plasma (PPLS). One-half of the pigs in each treatment also...

We introduce the concept of a 2-starter in a groupG of odd order.We prove that any 2-factorization of the complete graph admitting G as a sharply vertex transitive automorphism group is equivalent to a suitable 2-starter in G. Some classes of 2-starters are studied, with special attention given to those leading to solutions of some Oberwolfach or Hamilton–Waterloo problems. © 2005 Elsevier Inc....

BACKGROUND Lactococcus lactis is industrially employed to manufacture various fermented dairy products. The most cost-effective method for the preservation of L. lactis starter cultures is spray drying, but during this process cultures encounter heat and oxidative stress, typically resulting in low survival rates. However, viability of starter cultures is essential for their adequate contributi...

In this research, the chemical and microbiological characteristics of white brined cheeses produced with five different starter cultures, namely: traditional kefir grain, commercial kefir, commercial yogurt, traditional yogurt and commercial cheese starter culture, were examined during 60-day ripening period. Results of statistical analysis showed that the type of starter culture had a signific...