A mathematical model is derived from physiological considerations for slow potential waves (called spreading depression) in cortical neuronal structures. The variables taken into account are the intra- and extracellular concentrations of Na+, Cl-, K+, and Ca++, together with excitatory and inhibitor transmitter substances. The general model includes conductance changes for these various ions, ...

Spreading depression (SD) is thought to cause migraine aura, and perhaps migraine, and includes a transient loss of synaptic activity preceded and followed by increased neuronal excitability. Activated microglia influence neuronal activity and play an important role in homeostatic synaptic scaling via release of cytokines. Furthermore, enhanced neuronal function activates microglia to not only ...

GOURAS, PETER. Spreading depression of activity in amphibian retina. Am. J. Physiol. 195(1): 28-32. [email protected] studies on excised amphibian retina have uncovered a phenomenon of spreading retinal depression which in many respects resembles Leao’s spreading cortical depression. The phenomenon is characterized by a spontaneous ‘milky’ wave that periodically marches across the surface of t...

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Spreading depression in rat brain cortex is associated with a twofold increase of cerebral blood flow. It is not known whether this increase is coupled to increases of cerebral metabolic rate and glucose transport from blood to brain. During the passage of a single spreading depression, we measured blood-brain glucose transport and glucose metabolism in rat cerebral cortex by single intravenous...

In acute experiments on cats under deep Nembutal anesthesia punctures of the cortex caused a prolonged negative shift of its surface potential (up to 15 mv, 5.5 min), which was followed by a prolonged positive shift. During these shifts of the potential, both components of the direct response were depressed. The changes in potential and the depression of electric activity spread over the cortex...

The nonlinear wave phenomenon of cortical spreading depression (SD), which occurs in many brain structures, has mathematical similarities to neuronal spiking but on very different space and time scales. Its properties and previous modeling are briefly reviewed. A model consisting of a 6-component reaction-diffusion system in two space dimensions is described. With 3-parameter Poisson process so...

OBJECTIVE Familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) is an autosomal dominantly inherited subtype of migraine with aura, characterized by transient neurological signs and symptoms. Typical hemiplegic migraine attacks start in the first or second decade of life. Some patients with FHM suffer from daily recurrent attacks since childhood. Results from extensive studies of cellular and animal models have i...

In this edition of Cephalalgia, Dr Holland and colleagues report the very interesting findings from a series of in vivo cat and rodent experiments aimed at identifying potential therapeutic targets for the modulation of cortical spreading depression (CSD). Over the past two decades, a series of functional neuroimaging studies performed in human migraineurs during acute aura (1–4) have linked CS...

This study investigated the mechanisms underlying the recently reported fast spreading acidification and transient depression in the cerebellar cortex in vivo. Spreading acidification was evoked by surface stimulation in the rat and mouse cerebellar cortex stained with the pH-sensitive dye neutral red and monitored using epifluorescent imaging. The probability of evoking spreading acidification...