The paper presents a unit commitment model, based on mixed integer linear programming, capable of assessing the impact of electric vehicles (EV) on provision of ancillary services in power systems with high share of renewable energy sources (RES). The analyses show how role of different conventional units changes with integration of variable and uncertain RES and how introducing a flexible sour...

An efficient unit commitment planning must consider frequency regulation capacity in the model. Such models are more complicated under a high penetration level of renewable energy because ramping and uncertainty. This paper addresses these issues commitment. The proposed model for considers uncertainty wind power, capacity, spinning reserve, demand response, pumped-storage hydroelectricity. Two...

( ) ABSTRACT: Rotational-echo, double-resonance nuclear magnetic resonance REDOR is a magic-angle spinning experiment for measuring internuclear distances between heteronuclear spin pairs. The basic principles of the REDOR technique are presented. The experimental requirements necessary for quantitative REDOR measurements are also provided. Q 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 10:...

The increasing penetration of variable energy resources in modern electric power systems requires additional flexibility in ancillary service provision to maintain reliable and efficient grid operations. However, full recognition and appropriate compensation of this flexibility is difficult to ensure within current power market designs due to rigidities in service definitions and requirements. ...