AIM To assess the anthropometric parameters of growth and nutritional status in relation to socioeconomic status (SES) of Macedonian adolescents. METHODS The study included 546 adolescents from urban regions of the Republic of Macedonia, aged 14 to 15 years. Participants were measured with standard equipment and measurement technique according to the International Biological Programme. The fo...

The forced-choice preferential looking technique was used to measure 2-month-old infants' visual acuity for black-and-white, square-wave gratings at six luminance values between -1.0 and 3.0 log cd/m2. The results indicated that the infants' acuity was relatively unaffected by variations in luminance above 1 log cd/m2, but was reduced by approximately 1 octave at a luminance of -0.8 log cd/m2. ...

BACKGROUND No recent national studies have provided incidence data for obesity, nor have they examined the association between incidence and selected risk factors. The purpose of this study is to examine the incidence of obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) and extreme obesity (BMI ≥ 40.0 kg/m2) among US adults and to determine variations across socio-demographic characteristics and beh...

Small-field color-naming performance of two protanopes over a 4-log luminance range was impoverished in comparison with that of normal trichromats, and was more strongly affected by changes in luminance. At 200 cd/m2 responses to mid-spectral lights were dominated by 'yellow'; with lowering luminance, 'green' and 'red' were increasingly used. In the color spaces derived from these data the firs...

Results of the analysis showed that parents and children overweight/obesity were significantly correlated. The sample includes 318 pairs of mothers and children, and 336 pairs of fathers and children at the age 11.3 +/- 0.4 years in Trogir, Croatia. Child overweight and obesity were defined according to body mass index (BMI) 25 and 30 equivalents (kg/m2). The prevalence of total overweight in g...

Human chemical exposures resulting from transfer of surface deposition on indoor nylon carpets may be estimated by measuring transferable residues (μg chemical/cm2 carpet). A weighted roller developed at California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) has been extensively used to sample transferable residue for estimates of human exposure in risk characterization. A modified roller has bee...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of family income at birth with BMI among young adults who have been followed since birth. DESIGN A birth cohort study. SETTING In 1982, all children born in Pelotas, southern Brazil, were included in a perinatal survey and visited at ages 1, 2, 4, 15, 18-19 and 23 years. SUBJECTS Cohort members (n 4297) were traced and interviewed in 2004-2005. In ...

BACKGROUND Current physical activity guidelines acknowledge the importance of total health enhancing physical activity (HEPA) compared to leisure time physical activity or exercise alone. Assessing total HEPA may result in different levels of adherence to these as well as the strength and/or direction of associations observed between total HEPA and socio-demographic correlates. The aim of this ...

The duration necessary to detect chromatic stimuli was measured for wavelengths between 463 and 620 nm. Stimuli were presented either in hue substitution (replacement of white by a chromatic stimulus of matched luminance) or as increments. Two observers viewed a 1 degrees 45' homogeneous white field. A trial consisted of replacement of the central 40' of the field by a chromatic stimulus. In su...

We tested whether Tundra Swans use information on the spatial distribution of cryptic food items (below ground Sago pondweed tubers) to shape their movement paths. In a continuous environment, swans create their own food patches by digging craters, which they exploit in several feeding bouts. Series of short (<1 m) intra-patch movements alternate with longer inter-patch movements (>1 m). Tuber ...