Spiders have evolved highly selective toxins for insects. There are many insecticidal neurotoxins in spider venoms. Although a large amount of work has been done to focus on neurotoxicity of spider components, little information, which is related with effects of spider toxins on tumor cell proliferation and cytotoxicity, is available for Brachypelma albopilosum venom. In this work, a novel spid...

This study investigates the interpretative bias in spider phobia with respect to rapid visuomotor processing. We compared perception, evaluation, and visuomotor processing of ambiguous schematic stimuli between spider-fearful and control participants. Stimuli were produced by gradually morphing schematic flowers into spiders. Participants rated these stimuli related to their perceptual appearan...

15 Noninvasive genetic approaches enable biomonitoring without the need to directly observe or 16 disturb target organisms. Environmental DNA (eDNA) methods have recently extended this 17 approach by assaying genetic material within bulk environmental samples without a priori 18 knowledge about the presence of target biological material. This paper describes a novel and 19 promising source of n...

A laboratory trial evaluated four phytoseiid species for their potential as biological control agents of spruce spider mite, Oligonychus ununguis (Jacobi) (Acari: Tetranychidae). An augmentative biological control approach, using the predatory mites Neoseiulus fallacis Garman and Galendromus occidentalis Nesbitt (Acari: Phytoseiidae), was evaluated for reducing pest mite densities and injury, a...

Spiders perform many essential ecological services, yet humans often experience negative emotions toward spiders. These emotions can lead to the avoidance of beneficial events. These emotions may affect beliefs about what should or should not be included in a science curriculum. This study investigated how activities with living spiders affected preservice middle school science teachers' emotio...

This paper is about spider diagrams, an extension of Euler diagrams that includes syntax to make assertions about set cardinalities. Like many diagrammatic logics, spider diagrams are a monadic and first-order, so they are inexpressive. The limitation to first-order precludes the formalisation of many fundamental concepts such as the cardinality of a set being even. To this end, second-order sp...

Spider veins (also known as spider hemangiomas) unlike varicose veins (dilated pre-existing veins) are acquired lesions caused by venous hypertension leading to proliferation of blood vessels in the skin and subcutaneous tissues due to the release of endothelial growth factors causing vascular neogenesis. More than 60% of the patients with spider veins of the legs have significant symptoms incl...

date palm spider mite is one of the major pests of date palm in khuzestan.this pest damages fruits in orchards. in the present study responses of 30 native date palm cultivars of khuzestan were evaluated by assessment of pest infestation severity and fruit damage characteristics. based on the responses, cultivars were clustered into four groups as very highly infested cultivars including liloei...

background & aim: tetranychus urticae koch is one of the most important pests of crops, ornamental and greenhouse plants in the world and, can damage to 900 plant species. resistances to pesticides and acaricides have guided researches to introduce new methods to control t. urticae. botanical pesticides are an important group of natural productions that are usually safer than conventional p...

Title of Dissertation: MECHANISMS UNDERLYING OUTBREAKS OF SPIDER MITES FOLLOWING APPLICATIONS OF IMIDACLOPRID. Adrianna Szczepaniec, Ph.D., 2009 Directed By: Professor Michael J. Raupp, Department of Entomology Imidacloprid is a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide with high efficacy and long residual activity, and it is frequently applied to manage insect pests in urban landscapes. Recent rep...