A main concern in spectrum overlays (“Cognitive Radio”) has been the reliability of sensing techniques to predict the performance in the primary communication link if the secondary user decides to use the spectrum. The fundamental difficulty is that sensors detect the transmissions (i.e. the transmitters), whereas the communication performance is determined by the interference environment aroun...

Software reuse can provide significant improvements in software productivity and quality whilst reducing development costs. Expressing software reuse intentions can be difficult though. A developer may aspire to reuse a software component but experience difficulty expressing their reuse intentions in a manner that is compatible with, or understood by, the component retrieval system. Various int...

let $r$ be a commutative ring and let $m$ be an $r$-module. in this article, we introduce the concept of the zariski socles of submodules of $m$ and investigate their properties. also we study modules with noetherian second spectrum and obtain some related results.

a multicone graph is defined to be join of a clique and a regular graph. a graph $ g $ is  cospectral with  graph $ h $ if their adjacency matrices have the same eigenvalues. a graph $ g $ is  said to be  determined by its spectrum or ds for short, if for any graph $ h $ with $ spec(g)=spec(h)$, we conclude that $ g $ is isomorphic to $ h $. in this paper, we present new classes of  multicone g...

This work has been supported by the Austrian Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung. The reuse of application frameworks and class libraries can improve the productivity in software development considerably. Object-oriented techniques, i.e., inheritance and information hiding, that ease reusing software, can be applied to documentation and thus, enable documentation reuse. One can...

We address an important communication issue arising in wireless cellular networks that utilize frequency division multiplexing (FDM) technology. In such networks, many userswithin the samegeographical region (cell) cancommunicate simultaneously with other users of the network using distinct frequencies. The spectrum of the available frequencies is limited; thus, efficient solutions to the call ...

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The growing scarcity of fresh water is driving the implementation of wastewater treatment and water reuse on an increasingly large scale. Various methods have been developed and used for water reuse from wastewater; however, the membrane distillation (MD) process, as a promising separation technology, has recently gained more attention. The MD process is a non-isothermal membrane-based separati...