Abstract: In geographical epidemiology, disease counts are typically available in discrete spatial units and at discrete time-points. For example, surveillance data on infectious diseases usually consists of weekly counts of new infections in pre-defined geographical areas. Similarly, but on a different timescale, cancer registries typically report yearly incidence or mortality counts in admini...

Modelling disease dynamics is most useful when data are limited. We present a spatial transmission model for the spread of canine rabies in the currently rabies-free wild dog population of Australia. The introduction of a sub-clinically infected dog from Indonesia is a distinct possibility, as is the spillover infection of wild dogs. Ranges for parameters were estimated from the literature and ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS In plant populations the magnitude of spatial genetic structure of apparent individuals (including clonal ramets) can be different from that of sexual individuals (genets). Thus, distinguishing the effects of clonal versus sexual individuals in population genetic analyses could provide important insights for evolutionary biology and conservation. To investigate the effects o...

Spatial heterogeneity and long-distance translocation (LDT) play important roles in the spatio-temporal dynamics and management of emerging infectious diseases and invasive species. We assessed the influence of LDT events on the invasive spread of raccoon rabies through Connecticut. We identified several putative LDT events, and developed a network-model to evaluate whether they became new foci...

Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious viral disease of pigs and wild boars that causes severe commercial restrictions to the affected countries. The knowledge of spread patterns and risk factors that are involved in the transmission of CSF would help to implement specific measures and to reduce the disease spread in future outbreaks. In this article, we introduce a new spatial hybr...

This paper presents a method of embedding information in digital images and video, which helps to trace illegal copies. This method of watermarking uses the principle of direct sequence spread spectrum. Spread spectrum signals are particularly resistant to non-linear amplitude distortion and additive noise, but are not resistant to timing errors. Using a sliding correlator, it is possible to de...

An intersegmental reflex initiated by flexing a crayfish leg at the merocarpal joint was examined by recording reflex response latencies of cephalic, thoracic and abdominal muscles. The first response was an intrasegmental resistance reflex in the extensor muscle of the stimulated leg. Spread of the intersegmental reflex occurred in both cephalic and caudal directions. Activation of the cephali...