Maneuvering safely through the environment is central to survival of almost all species. The ability to do this depends on learning and remembering locations. This capacity is encoded in the brain by two systems: one using cues outside the organism (distal cues), allocentric navigation, and one using self-movement, internal cues and nearby proximal cues, egocentric navigation. Allocentric navig...

BACKGROUND Impaired spatial navigation is an early sign of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but this can be difficult to assess in clinical practice. We examined how the performance on the Floor Maze Test (FMT), which combines navigation with walking, differed between patients with subjective cognitive impairment (SCI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and mild AD. We also explored if there was a sign...

background sildenafil (viagra) has been introduced to treat erectile dysfunction by acting as phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor and hence accumulation of guanosine cyclic monophosphate (cgmp). on the other hands, the nitric oxide/cgmp signaling pathway has crucial role in synaptic plasticity processes like long-term potentiation (ltp) in the central nervous system considered as a model of learning ...

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The hippocampus is said to be involved in "navigation" and "memory" as if these were distinct functions. In this issue of Neuron, Singer et al. (2013) provide evidence that the hippocampus retrieves spatial sequences in support of memory, strengthening a convergence between the two perspectives on hippocampal function.

INTRODUCTION Short-term memory develops differently in navigation vs. manual space. The Magic Carpet (MC) is a novel navigation test derived from the Walking Corsi Test and the manual Corsi Block-tapping Task (CBT). The MC requires mental rotations and executive function. In Cerebral Palsy (CP), CBT, and MC scores relate differently to clinical and lesional factors. Hypotheses of this study are...

Recent studies focusing on the memory for temporal order have reported that CA1 plays a critical role in the memory for the sequences of events, in addition to its well-described role in spatial navigation. In contrast, CA3 was found to principally contribute to the memory for the association of items with spatial or contextual information in tasks focusing on spatial memory. Other studies have...

References 1 Wang, R.F. and Spelke, E.S. (2002) Human spatial representation: insights from animals. Trends Cogn. Sci. 6, 376–382 2 Collett, T.S. and Collett, M. (2002) Memory use in insect visual navigation. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 3, 542–552 3 Menzel, R. et al. (2000) Two spatial memories for honeybee navigation. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 267, 961–968 4 Capaldi, E.A. et al. (2000) Ontogeny...

It has been shown that abilities in spatial learning and memory are adversely affected by aging. The present study was conducted to investigate whether increasing age has equal consequences for all types of spatial learning or impacts certain types of spatial learning selectively. Specifically, two major types of spatial learning, exploratory navigation and map reading, were contrasted. By comb...