A method is introduced for using hidden Markov models (HMMs) to model intonational structure. HMMs are probabilistic and can capture the variability in structure which previous finite state network models lack. We show how intonational tunes can be modelled by separate HMMs and how HMMs can be used in a recognition system to automatically determine the tune type of an utterance.

  In this paper Semi-Markov models are used to forecast the triple dimensions of next earthquake occurrences. Each earthquake can be investigated in three dimensions including temporal, spatial and magnitude. Semi-Markov models can be used for earthquake forecasting in each arbitrary area and each area can be divided into several zones. In Semi-Markov models each zone can be considered as a sta...

We greatly appreciate the opportunity to read and discuss the paper “Visualizing statistical models: removing the blindfold” [42]. The article manages to close the gap between statistics and visualization by combining advanced methods from both fields to visualize statistical models and methods. The article provides a very nice overview of visualization tools for statistical models, which can b...

One essential ingredient of evolutionary theory is the concept of fitness as a measure for a species’ success in its living conditions. Here, we quantify the effect of environmental fluctuations onto fitness by analytical calculations on a general evolutionary model and by studying corresponding individualbased microscopic models. We demonstrate that not only larger growth rates and viabilities...

abstract this study is an attempt to investigate functions of abhar city as a medium sized city in zanjan province spatial development structure. the method of this study is descriptive-analytical. some quantity models and methods are used in study of the role of this city and its hinterland. the economical models represent that, this city has basic conditions in the second and third economical...

Regionalization frameworks cluster geographic data to create contiguous regions of similar climate, geology and hydrology by delineating land into discrete regions, such as ecoregions or watersheds, often at several spatial scales. Although most regionalization schemes were not originally designed for aquatic ecosystem classification or management, they are often used for such purposes, with su...

The long-term impact of air pollution on human health can be estimated from small-area ecological studies in which the health outcome is regressed against air pollution concentrations and other covariates, such as socio-economic deprivation. Socio-economic deprivation is multi-factorial and difficult to measure, and includes aspects of income, education, and housing as well as others. However, ...