The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was shown to be involved in spatial memory and spatial strategy preference. A naturally occurring single nucleotide polymorphism of the BDNF gene (Val66Met) affects activity-dependent secretion of BDNF. The current event-related fMRI study on preselected groups of 'Met' carriers and homozygotes of the 'Val' allele investigated the role of this polymo...

Introduction: Cholinergic neuronal deficiency is one of the main causes of Alzheimer's pathology, which leads to learning and memory impairment. Scopolamine is a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist commonly used to induce Alzheimer's disease (AD). Insulin also regulates learning and memory function. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of central administration of insulin on pa...

introduction: patients with epilepsy can have impaired cognitive abilities. many factors contribute to this impairment, including the adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs like gabapentin (gbp). apart from anti-epilectic action, gabapentin is used to relieve ethanol withdrawal syndrome. because both gbp and ethanol act on gaba ergic system, the purpose of this study was to evaluate their effec...

This paper aims to study the effect of structure in a graphical layout on object-location memory. In two experiments several structures have been examined in respect to the performance of object-location retrieval. The results show that beside simple object-to-object spatial relations also the spatial relation of three objects is encoded in human spatial memory as a noisy distance-angular pair....

Immediate postretrieval bilateral blockade of long-acting voltage-dependent calcium channels (L-VDCCs), but not of glutamatergic NMDA receptors, in the dorsal CA1 region of the hippocampus hinders retention of long-term spatial memory in the Morris water maze. Immediate postretrieval bilateral inhibition of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) II in dorsal CA1 does not affect rete...

objective(s) the brief interruption of cerebral blood flow causes permanent brain damage and behavioral dysfunction. the hippocampus is highly vulnerable to ischemic insults, particularly the ca1 pyramidal cell layer. there is no effective pharmacological strategy for improving brain tissue damage induced by cerebral ischemia. previous studies reported that pentoxifylline (ptx) has a neuroprote...

introduction: it has been reported that oral morphine dependency facilitated formation of spatial learning and memory. in the present study the role of nmda receptors located in hippocampal ca1 area of morphine dependent rats was studied. methods: male rats were divided into 4 groups. two cannulae were stereotaxically implanted bilaterally into the hippocampal ca1 area. after 5 days recovery, a...