A shared well 4x4 SPAD array test structure with 3m pitch is realized in a 130nm CMOS image sensor technology. The SPADs have 150Hz median DCR at room temperature at 1V excess bias, 15% peak PDP and 176ps FWHM timing jitter both at 3V excess bias.

InP-based single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) have proven to be the most practical solution currently available for many applications requiring high-performance photon counting at near-infrared wavelengths between 1.0 and 1.6 μm. We describe recent progress in the design, characterization, and modeling of InP-based SPADs, particularly with respect to the dark count rate vs. photon detection ...

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A SPAD-based line sensor fabricated in 130 nm CMOS technology capable of acquiring time-resolved fluorescence spectra (TRFS) in 8.3 milliseconds is presented. To the best of our knowledge, this is the fastest time correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) TRFS acquisition reported to date. The line sensor is an upgrade to our prior work and incorporates: i) parallelized interface from sensor to...

To extract the sensitive bands for estimating the winter wheat growth status and yields, field experiments were conducted. The crop variables including aboveground biomass (AGB), soil and plant analyzer development (SPAD) value, yield, and canopy spectra were determined. Statistical methods of correlation analysis, partial least squares (PLS), and stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) were...

Computational protein tertiary structure prediction has made significant progress over the past years. However, most of the existing structure prediction methods are not equipped with functionality to predict accuracy of constructed models. Knowing the accuracy of a structure model is crucial for its practical use since the accuracy determines potential applications of the model. Here we have d...

Crop genotypes play a dominant role in crop production systems. They affect crop productivity by their higher yield potentials, resistance against insect pest and diseases under different climatic conditions. To evaluate different varieties of rice for their growth and yield characteristics, an experiment was conducted during 2012. Four varieties including IR28, NERICA-4, Koshihikari and Nippon...