Time-of-flight (TOF) measurements using pulsed light beams for 3D imaging or profiling require either a costly mechanical device to scan the scene [1] or a short and highly energetic optical pulse to flood the scene with photons [2]. An alternative to these methods is the use of detector arrays based on single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) operating in Geiger mode [3]. These devices accuratel...

In the next generation Internet, the network will evolve from a plain communication medium into one that provides endless services to the users. These services will be composed of multiple cooperative distributed application elements. We name these services overlay applications. The cooperative application elements within an overlay application will build a dynamic communication mesh, namely an...

Abstract– The design and fabrication of integrated microlenses for CMOS single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) is presented in this paper. The micro-lens exploits the avalanche propagation phenomenon occurring in abrupt single-sided junctions and is achieved by carful design of the SPAD in a standard CMOS process. In contrast to an optical micro-lens, the proposed technique is more robust to m...

Rapid and accurate crop chlorophyll content estimation the leaf area index (LAI) are both crucial for guiding field management improving yields. This paper proposes an monitoring method LAI soil plant analytical development (SPAD) values (which closely related to content; we use SPAD instead of relative content) based on fusion ground–air multi-source data. Firstly, in 2020 2021, collected unma...

We developed a fully digital implementation of the Silicon Photomultiplier. The sensor is based on a single photon avalanche photodiode (SPAD) integrated in a standard CMOS process. Photons are detected directly by sensing the voltage at the SPAD anode using a dedicated cell electronics block next to each diode. This block also contains active quenching and recharge circuits as well as a one bi...

Remobilisation of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) from leaves and stems and unloading into developing grains are essential for yield formation of rice. In present study, three recombinant inbred lines of rice, R91, R156 and R201 have been tested for source-flow-sink related attributes determining the nature of NSC accumulation and translocation at two nitrogen levels in the field. Compared t...

a pot experiment was carried out to determine the effect of foliage spraying of silicon (si) on growth and ornamental characteristics of calendula grown under salt stress and greenhouse conditions. a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was conducted with 3 levels of si (0, 50 and 100 mg/l) and 3 levels of nacl (0, 100 and 200 mm) with 4 replications. at flowering stage, s...

Tunisia is known to be a country with poor water resources, and scarcity evident in certain regions. In the long term, this situation could worsen, given increased risk of drought. The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) one plants best adapted climate, numerous studies have been carried out assess effects stress. aim work was study compare ecophysiological behavior main Tunisian cultivar (Chetoui) f...

In the past decades different methods based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) have been developed to image a variety of hemodynamic parameters in tissue. However, simultaneous high resolution imaging of oxyand deoxyhemoglobin is not yet possible in clinical practices with millimeter accuracy. Nearinfrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) is a well established techniq...