A placebo-controlled study was conducted to test the effect of Calpis (Calpis Food Industry Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) sour milk, i.e., a milk fermented with a starter containing Lactobacillus helveticus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, on the blood pressure of 30 elderly hypertensive patients, most of whom were taking antihypertensive medication. Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups. One gro...

PURPOSE To determine the effect of sour flavor and cold temperature on oral transit time during swallowing. METHODS Participants were 52 subjects (28 male and 24 female) with ages between 50 and 80 years (median=66 years), after ischemic stroke involving right or left side damage and mild to moderate oropharyngeal dysphagia. Videofluoroscopy was performed to analyze the swallowing times. Each...

Citrus production with its many varieties is of importance since it provides economically important products for Turkish exports. Sour orange is a rootstock commonly used for propagating the different scion varieties. Knowledge of the genetic diversity of the rootstock accessions would be useful in order to improve citrus breeding programs. We studied genetic relationships and diversity o...

Taste receptor cells (TRCs) respond to acid stimulation, initiating perception of sour taste. Paradoxically, the pH of weak acidic stimuli correlates poorly with the perception of their sourness. A fundamental issue surrounding sour taste reception is the identity of the sour stimulus. We tested the hypothesis that acids induce sour taste perception by penetrating plasma membranes as H(+) ions ...

rapd markers were employed to determine the diversity among 29 genotypes and cultivars of sour and duke cherry as well as a mahaleb tree genotype as an outgroup. a number of 100 random primers were examined for pcr reactions on the template dnas extracted from leaves, of which 17 primers produced polymorphic bands. these 17 selected rapd primers produced 233 bands, among which, 214 were polymor...

An “across-the-fence” steam-methane reforming (SMR) hydrogen plant integrated with gas-turbine technology was started up within the past three years at the Premcor refinery in Port Arthur, Texas. This plant, owned and operated by Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., is one of only a handful of SMRs containing an integrated gas turbine. The facility design typifies a growing trend among refiners to...

BACKGROUND Oropharyngeal dysphagia is common in individuals after stroke. Taste and temperature are used in dysphagia rehabilitation. The influence of stimuli, such as taste and temperature, on swallowing biomechanics has been investigated in both healthy individuals and in individuals with neurological disease. However, some questions still remain unanswered, such as how the sequence of offere...