We have compared the development of the animal pole (AP) region of early Xenopus embryos in normal development, in isolation, and in combination with explants of tissue from the vegetal pole (VP) region. For the grafts and the combinations the animal pole tissue was lineage labelled with FLDx in order to ascertain the provenance of the structures formed. The normal fate of the AP region was det...

GABAA receptor channels (GABARs) composed of varying combinations of alpha 1, beta 1, and gamma 2S subunits were transiently expressed in mammalian cell lines. The whole-cell patch-clamp recording technique was used to determine which combinations of GABAR subunits produced functional receptor channels and whether assembly of GABAR subunits into receptor channels followed a random or preferred ...

chronic granulomatous disease (cgd) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder due to a genetic defect in one of the components of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (nadph) oxidase complex. this complex is composed of membrane-bound gp91- phox and p22- phox subunits, and cytosolic subunits consisting of p47- phox , p67- phox , and p40- phox . a mutation in cybb gene encoding gp91- ph...

The GABAA receptor is a chloride-selective ligand-gated ion channel of the Cys-loop superfamily. The receptor consists of five subunits arranged pseudosymmetrically around a central pore. The predominant form of the receptor in the brain contains 1-, 2-, and 2-subunits in the arrangement , counter-clockwise around the pore. GABAA receptors containing instead of -subunits, although a minor compo...

Introduction Odontogenic epithelium is responsible for tooth development under physiologic conditions and can give rise to tumors or cysts in the jaws (1-3). Ameloblastoma is the most frequently encountered tumor arising from odontogenic epithelium and is characterized by a benign but locally invasive behavior with a high tendency to recur (2, 4). Histologically, ameloblastoma shows considerabl...

Neuronal kainate receptors are assembled from subunits with dissimilar specificities for agonists and antagonists. The composite biophysical behavior of heteromeric kainate receptors is determined by intersubunit interactions whose nature is unclear. Here we use dysiherbaine, a selective kainate receptor agonist, to show that GluR5 subunits assembled in heteromeric GluR5/KA-2 kainate receptor c...

Activation of several G-protein-coupled receptors leads to voltage-dependent (VD) inhibition of N- and P/Q-type Ca(2+) channels via G-protein betagamma subunits (Gbetagamma). The purpose of the present study was to determine the ability of different Gbetagamma combinations to produce VD inhibition of N-type Ca(2+) channels in rat superior cervical ganglion neurons. Various Gbetagamma combinatio...