in this investigation a simplified arc discharge apparatus was used to synthesize mullti-wall carbon nanotubes. because of not requiring vacuum equipment, heat exchange system, active or inert gases, this method is found to be cheaper and simpler than traditional arc discharge in gas environment. using this method, cnts are produced by performing an arc discharge between two graphite electrodes...

Most flamelet models for turbulent combustion assume that a turbulent diffusion flame behaves locally as a steady, one-dimensional, laminar, strained flame. While this assumption works well in many practical applications, it fails to take into account finite rate kinetic effects that occur at low Damköhler numbers. It has been shown by Cook et al. (1997) that a steady laminar flamelet model ove...

This paper describes Microwave Activated Combustion Synthesis (MACS) of intermetallics of technical importance in the Co-Si binary system. These materials have important electronic applications as thin films. Bulk CoSi2 is required for use as a target for the production of thin films in sputtering processes. Sputtering targets are generally processed either by a powder route, casting or mechani...

Constant mean curvature (CMC) hypersurfaces in a compact Riemannian manifold (Mm+1, g) constitute an important class of submanifolds and have been studied extensively. In this paper we are interested in degenerating families of such submanifolds which ‘condense’ to a submanifold Kk ⊂ Mm+1 of codimension greater than 1. It is not hard to see that the closer a CMC hypersurface is (e.g. in the Hau...

The micro-encapsulation procedure of calcium nitrate in urea-formaldehyde shell is well known. most recent developed method for the synthesis self-healing micro-capsules was based on in-situ polymerization using water-in-oil emulsion. Although microcapsules’ yield significantly improved this approach, incorporating into concrete mixes has been found to reduce strength. One potential strength re...

Flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) is a process used to synthesize nanoparticles through the combustion of an atomized precursor solution; this has applications in catalysts, battery materials, and pigments. Current limitations revolve around understanding how consistently achieve stable flame reliable production nanoparticles. Machine learning artificial intelligence algorithms that detect unstable c...

However, these other means (e.g., speaker actuation) tend to be bulky, have limited operating range, or have other undesirable side effects. In comparison, liquid fuel modulation is compact, more practical, and can deliver the most energy with the least effort. based control approach recently found to be effective for suppressing combustion instabilities in gas turbines. A control law formulate...

Turbulent combustion is an important process in many technical applications, e.g. industrial gas furnaces used for heating water, production of steam and combustion in jet and diesel engines. To control the turbulent combustion, simulation tools with predictive power are required. The basic equations for turbulent combustion are well known, but their application to the complex flows appearing i...

The small radiant heaters that burn hydrocarbon fuels propane, butane, methane/natural gas and liquid hydrocarbon fuels are used widely because of their simple design, their portability, and the ready availability of fuels. The open flame heater presents obvious disadvantages as follows. An upset heater is a grave fire risk where the surroundings are flammable and this restricts usage in, for e...