Twenty-four human legs were dissected macroscopically to study the morphological details of the accessory deep peroneal nerve. This nerve arose from the superficial peroneal nerve and descended in the lateral compartment of the leg, deep to peroneus longus along the posterior border of peroneus brevis. Approaching the ankle joint, this nerve passed through the peroneal tunnels to wind around th...

We examined the genetic structure of populations of an ambrosia beetle, Xylosandrus brevis (Eichhoff) (Curculionidae: Scolytinae), to understand its colonization dynamics. We collected specimens from 20 sites in Japan and studied the genetic structure of these populations using portions of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI). A phylogenetic analysis showed three distinct lineages ...

Purpose: Recovery of the train-of-four ratio (TOFR) to > 0.9 in the upper limb is commonly used to determine that neuromuscular function has returned to the preoperative level. It is not known whether recovery of neuromuscular function can be determined in the same way using lower limb acceleromyography. We compared measurements of recovery from neuromuscular blockade using upper limb electromy...

Larval and adult fruit flies are attracted to volatiles emanating from food substrates that have been occupied by larvae. We tested whether such volatiles are emitted by the larval gut bacteria by conducting tests under bacteria-free (axenic) conditions. We also tested attraction to two bacteria species, Lactobacillus brevis, which we cultured from larvae in our lab, and L. plantarum, a common ...

Dorsal wrist pain and swelling is commonly attributed to a dorsal wrist ganglion. However, based on the authors' experience, a cautious surgeon should keep the uncommonly symptomatic diagnosis of an extensor digitorum brevis manus in their differential despite classic ganglion presentation and suggestive advanced imaging. This article describes a case of a young patient who presented with bilat...

We have obtained evidence for two structurally and antigenically different Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall mannans. One, which occurs widely and is found in S. cerevisiae strain 238C, is already known to be a neutral mannan which yields mannose, mannobiose, mannotriose, and mannotetraose on acetolysis of the (1 --> 6)-linked backbone. The other, which was found in S. cerevisiae brewer's stra...

The spoilage of beer by bacteria is of great concern to the brewer as this can lead to turbidity and abnormal flavors. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for detection of beer-spoilage bacteria is highly specific and provides results much faster than traditional microbiology techniques. However, one of the drawbacks is the inability to differentiate between live and dead cells. In this ...

Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) along the Gulf of Mexico are frequently exposed to blooms of the toxic alga, Karenia brevis, and brevetoxins associated with these blooms have been implicated in several dolphin mortality events. Studies on brevetoxin accumulation in dolphins have typically focused on analyses of carcasses from large-scale die-offs; however, data are scarce for brevetoxi...

Corresponding Author: Jian Mao, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China Tel: +86-510-8532-9062, Fax: +86-510-8591-2155, E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Previous studies showed that γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) can protect some GABA-producing bacteria against acid stress through glutamate decarboxylat...

Red tide blooms formed by Karenia brevis are frequent along the Gulf coast of Florida and it is unclear what tolerance the green mussel Perna viridis, a recently introduced species to coastal waters, has toward these events. Established populations of P. viridis were monitored along the coastal waters of Estero Bay, Florida before, during and following two consecutive red tide blooms to assess ...