[1] We present results from Lyon-Fedder-Mobarry (LFM) global, three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of the solar wind-magnetosphere interaction. We use these simulations to investigate the role that solar wind dynamic pressure fluctuations play in the generation of magnetospheric ultra-low frequency (ULF) pulsations. The simulations presented in this study are driven with idea...

Neutral interstellar H-atoms penetrate into the inner heliosphere and upon the event of ionization are converted into pick-up ions (PUIs). The magnetized solar wind flow incorporates these ions into the plasma bulk and enforces their co-motion. By nonlinear interactions with windentrained Alfvén waves, these ions are then processed in the comoving velocity space. The complete pick-up process is...

Interstellar neutrals penetrating into the inner heliosphere are ionized by photoionization, charge exchange with solar wind ions, and electron impact ionization. These processes comprise the first step in the evolution of interstellar pickup ion (PUI) distributions. Typically, PUI distributions have been described in terms of velocity distribution functions that cool adiabatically under solar ...

Hybrid utilization of renewable energy is one of effective method which can solve the problem that unstable of renewable energy so as not to substitute traditional fossil energy. As the typical renewable energy, solar energy and wind energy are in the van of renewable energy utilization. With the large scale utilization of solar and wind energy in the world, constructing large scale solar power...

Venus has no internal magnetic dynamo and thus its ionosphere and hot oxygen exosphere dominate the interaction with the solar wind. The solar wind at 0.72AU has a dynamic pressure that ranges from 4.5 nPa (at solar max) to 6.6 nPa (at solar min), and its flow past the planet produces a shock of typical magnetosonic Mach number 5 at the subsolar point. At solar maximum the pressure in the ionos...

We investigated geomagnetic activity which was induced by interplanetary magnetic clouds during the past four solar cycles, 1965–1998. We have found that the intensity of such geomagnetic storms is more severe in solar maximum than in solar minimum. In addition, we affirm that the average solar wind speed of magnetic clouds is faster in solar maximum than in solar minimum. In this study, we fin...

Three species of ground-nesting birds of the shortgrass prairie demonstrate contrasting strategies in nest placement: nests of Lark Buntings (Calamospiza melanocorys) are situated beneath shrubs or bunch grasses, whereas nests of McCown’s Longspurs (Calcarius mccownii) and Homed Larks (Eremophila alpestris) are associated with sparse cover and are relatively exposed. Nests of these species exhi...

Advanced forecasting of space weather requires simulation of the whole Sun-to-Earth system, which necessitates driving magnetospheric models with the outputs from solar wind models. This presents a fundamental difficulty, as the magnetosphere is sensitive to both large-scale solar wind structures, which can be captured by solar wind models, and small-scale solar wind "noise," which is far below...

We review what is currently known about the structure of interstellar material in the solar neighborhood, emphasizing how observations from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) have improved our understanding of how interstellar gas is distributed near the Sun. The nearby ISM is not uniform but shows variations in both temperature and metal abundances on distance scales of just a few parsecs. The o...

We obtain hourly values of tail densities and of power law indices,  , of suprathermal (speeds above 2.48 times the solar wind speed) protons from power law fits to hourly velocity distribution functions in the solar-wind-frame. ACE/SWICS and ULEIS data, which often include very low counting statistics, are used to derive hourly proton phase space densities. We find that during part of the rec...