Increased awareness of the impact of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) on the global environment has become the impetus in searching for alternative refrigerants and cooling methods for automotive air conditioning. Automotive air conditioning is one industry that heavily uses CFC compounds, and the leakage of CFCs from such air conditioners is substantial compared to that from stationary air condition...

Com mercial stat ic strain indicators and signal conditioners vary considerably in their circuit details; and, although most of them are based upon some form of the Wheatstone bridge circuit, the bridge circuit is employed in differing ways in different instruments. Because of the many variations in instrument design, a completely general treatment of instrument nonlinearities is not practicabl...

Increased demand for cooling and decreased demand for heating in the built environment is one of the main anticipated modes of adaptation to higher temperatures due to climate change. California’s residential sector uses relatively little electricity for heating. It is therefore expected that the demand for electricity will increase at the intensive margin as households operate existing air con...

In this paper, a mathematical model has been developed for group replacement of a block of Air Conditioners using discrete-time First Order Markov Chains. To make the model more realistic, three intermediate states viz., Minor Repair State, Semi-Major Repair State and Major Repair States have been introduced between Functioning State & Complete Failure States of the system. The Transition Proba...

Phytomanagement uses plants and soil conditioners to create value on contaminated land while minimizing environmental risk. This work was carried out a metal(loid)-contaminated site aimed at assessing the suitability of Salvia sclarea L. (sage) Coriandrum sativum (coriander) combined with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) inoculant immobilize metal(loid)s produce essential oils (EO). The e...

Recently, wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSANs) have been widely discussed. An important application of WSANs is the control of environmental fluid factors, such as temperatures, in an environment. In this paper, we study the control of temperatures in an indoor environment with energy saving in mind. Temperature sensors are deployed in a regular grid or a randommanner. Actuators are co...

A collaborative study was conducted to test a method developed to distinguish between adequately and inadequately preserved cosmetic formulations. Nineteen laboratories participated in the study. Samples tested included shampoos, hair conditioners, oil-in-water emulsions, and water-in-oil-emulsions. Triplicate samples of 4 adequately preserved and 4 inadequately preserved cosmetic products were...