When handling fuzzy number data, it is a common practice to make use of a metric to quantify distances between fuzzy numbers. Several metrics have been suggested in the literature for this purpose. When statistically analyzing fuzzy number-valued data, L metrics become especially useful. This paper introduces a new family of generalized L metrics which take into account key features of the invo...

In this paper, we introduce and investigate a general transformation or change of Finsler metrics, which is referred to as a generalized β-conformal change: L(x, y) −→ L(x, y) = f(eL(x, y), β(x, y)). This transformation combines both β-change and conformal change in a general setting. The change, under this transformation, of the fundamental Finsler connections, together with their associated g...

In parallel with the rise to prominence of the OO paradigm has come the acceptance that conventional software metrics are not adequate to measure objectoriented systems. This has inspired a number of software practitioners and academics to develop new metrics that are suited to the OO paradigm. Arguably, the most thorough treatment of the subject is that of the MOOD team, under the leadership o...

Metric monsters are stumbling blocks that prevent software metrics-guided methodologies from attaining product and process improvement. Metric monsters can occur during the identification, collection or application of software metrics. In our research, we have developed and tested our design metrics over a five-year period and have found them to be excellent predictors of error-prone modules. B...

Measures extracted from software repositories tend to be collected on a regular basis (often daily), forming time series of data. In this context, it is normal to assume that some of the measures collected are having an effect on other measures, potentially with some delay (or “lag”) in the effect. Such delay in the effect may even vary over time, making the identification of the effect difficu...

In the technological world every day number of software’s are develop and available in the market but measuring the complexity and quality of the software is still a very big challenge. Component based software is emerging field and now-adays, most of the software are developed by using the technique of component based software development (CBSD). So that the complexity, time, error factors wer...

While software metrics are commonly used to assess software maintainability and study software evolution, they are usually defined on a micro-level (method, class, package). Metrics should therefore be aggregated in order to provide insights in the evolution at the macro-level (system). In addition to traditional aggregation techniques such as the mean, recently econometric aggregation techniqu...

Law-makers, designers of legal information systems and citizens are often challenged by the complexity of bodies of law and the growing number of references needed to interpret a law. Quantifying this complexity is not an easy task. In this paper we present some analyses we conducted on the Italian body of laws, made available through the " Normattiva " website. Some of the metrics we applied a...

Context: Software metrics may be used in fault prediction models to improve software quality by predict-

Software companies rely on stored metric data in order to track and manage their projects, through analyzing, monitoring and estimating software metrics. If managers cannot believe the metrics data, the product that is being developed is fated to fail. Currently, the assessment of software effort is subjective and derived mainly through managers’ assumptions, which is fundamentally an error-pro...