Cyber-physical systems consist of many hardware and software components. Over the lifetime these their components are often replaced or updated. To avoid integration problems, formal specifications component interface behavior crucial. Such a specification captures not only set provided operations but also order using them constraints on timing behavior. Usually expressed in terms state machine...

Software Engineering (SE) researchers are increasingly paying attention to organizational and human factors. Rather than focusing only on variables that can be directly measured, such as lines of code, SE research studies now also consider unobservable variables, culture trust. To measure latent scholars have adopted Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), which is one mem...

How can artificial intelligence help software engineers better do their jobs and advance the state of practice? We describe three productivity tools that learn patterns from artifacts: code search using natural language, recommendation, automatic bug fixing.