Photoelectrodes based on bismuth vanadate demonstrate excellent performance in photoelectrochemical glycerol reforming.

Glass microprobes were used to measure the stiffness of the flagella of Triton X-100-extracted rat sperm models. The sperm models were treated with 50 microM sodium vanadate and 0.1 mM Mg-ATP to evaluate the stiffness of the passive flagellar structure without the influence of the dynein motor proteins. The passive stiffness was determined to be 4.6 (+/- 1.1) x 10(-19) N x m(2). Rat sperm model...

Formation equilibria of dioxy vanadium (V) complex with alanine in acidic media (pH<2.3) has been investigated potentiometrically and spectrophotometrically. In this condition the 1:1 complex has the formula VO2Y, where Y¯ represent the fully dissociated aminocarboxylate anion. The stability constant of VO2Y was determined as log KVO2Y=11.32±<e...

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 activation in response to hypoxia requires mitochondrial generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In contrast, the requirement of ROS for HIF-1 activation by growth factors like insulin remains unexplored. To explore that, insulin-sensitive hepatic cell HepG2 or cardiac muscle cell H9c2 cells were pretreated with NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium c...

Redox-dependent migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are central events in the development of vascular proliferative diseases; however, the underlying intracellular signaling mechanisms are not fully understood. We tested the hypothesis that activation of Nox1 NADPH oxidase modulates intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) levels. Using cultured SMCs from wild-type and...

Fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated dextran (FITC-dextran) is internalized by endocytosis into the lysosome-like vacuoles of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Makarow, M., 1985, EMBO (Eur. Mol. Biol. Organ.) J. 4:1861-1866). Here we show that under energy depletion conditions FITC-dextran accumulated in a cytoplasmic compartment, from which it could be chased to the vacuole when the energy block was ...

Using ratiometric Ca2+ imaging and patch-clamp measurement of Ca2+ channel activity, we investigated Ca2+ signaling induced by vanadium compounds in Jurkat T lymphocytes and rat basophilic leukemia cells. In the presence of external Ca2+, vanadium compounds produced sustained or oscillatory Ca2+ elevations; in nominally Ca2+-free medium, a transient Ca2+ rise was generated. Vanadate-induced Ca2...

When amphipathic cationic drugs are added to intact human RBCs, the RBCs first undergo a stomatocytic shape change and then, if relatively large amounts of drug are added and if the metabolic state of the RBC is appropriate, endocytic vacuoles form. Vanadate has a structural similarity to the transition state of phosphate, which presumably accounts for its ability to inhibit phosphohydrolases, ...

The contribution of decameric vanadate species to vanadate toxic effects in cardiac muscle was studied following an intravenous administration of a decavanadate solution (1mM total vanadium) in Sparus aurata. Although decameric vanadate is unstable in the assay medium, it decomposes with a half-life time of 16 allowing studying its effects not only in vitro but also in vivo. After 1, 6 and 12h ...

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), a pivotal transcription factor composed of HIF-1alpha and HIF-1beta subunits, plays a major role in tumor progression by activating a number of genes critically involved in adaptation to hypoxia. HIF-1 is also induced by several carcinogenic metals. Vanadate, an environmental toxic metal, is considered as a potent inducer of tumors in animals and is reported ...