Soaking aqueous ammonia (SAA) pretreatment of corn stover was carried out at three temperatures (30, 50, and 70 oC) and three concentrations of ammonia solution (5, 15, and 25 wt.%). The delignification kinetic model, based on three first-order reactions, was applied to describe the kinetic behavior of lignin removal from corn stover during SAA pretreatment. The first, second, and third terms w...

The utilization of carburizing materials in engineering fields has undergone so many tremendous changes in engineering fields. Gas carburizing is one of the surface engineering techniques widely used in the process of heat treatment in all the engineering industries. Carburizing is a complex process; it involves a number of variables for the success of the carburizing process. Effective quality...

Seeds of Balanites aegyptiaca stored for one year were germinated using cold and boiling water pre-treatments and different sowing orientations. Whole fruits were soaked in cold water for (18, 24 and 48 hours, respectively), while extracted sun dried seeds were immersed in boiling water for 7 minutes. Seeds of each treatment were sown in three orientations (seeds laid vertically with stalk end ...

RNA interference (RNAi) is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for sequence-specific gene silencing. Previously, the BmN4-SID1 cell expressing Caenorhabditis ele gans SID-1 was established, in which soaking RNAi could induce effective gene silencing. To establish its utility, 6 cell cycle progression related cDNAs, CDK1, MYC, MYB, RNRS, CDT1, and GEMININ, were isolated from the silkworm, Bomb...

Significant research has been devoted to the development of hydroxyapatite (HA) as a coating material for metallic biomaterials used in bioimplants where the biocompatibility is provided by HA while the mechanical properties of the implant are confirmed by the metallic substrates. The in vitro tests of these coatings have conducted by soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF) solutions to evaluate ...

The sequence of steps of a chemical treatment having as its goal the induce of nucleation and the growth of hydroxyl carbonated apatite (HCA) at the surface of titanium implants was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy in cross-section. In the first step, an acid etching forms a rough titanium hydride layer, which remains unchanged after subsequent treatments. In the second ...

An experimental animal model was used to investigate whether processing improved the nutritive utilization of phytic acid phosphorus in faba beans. Phytic acid had been considered an antinutritional factor because of its ability of chelate minerals and impede their absorption and because of the limited capacity of monogastric species to hydrolyze and utilize phosphorus from this molecule. This ...

Induced systemic resistance in chickpea against wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysorum f. sp. ciceri (FOC) was studied by treating the seeds with benzo (1,2,3)-thiadizole-7-carbothioic acid smethyl ester (Bion), salicylic acid (SA) and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K2HPO4). Reduction in disease was observed in both type of applications but seed dressing was found more effective than soaking...