Predator mobbing is a widespread phenomenon in many taxa but the evolution of cooperative mobbing as an adaptive behavior is still subject to debate. Here, we report evidence for cooperative predator defense in a nocturnal solitarily foraging primate, the gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus). Several mouse lemurs mobbed a snake that held a non-related male conspecific until he could escape. Ev...

during the journey to India. I have now received specimens of the serum on two occasions, and find that they possess a well-marked power of neutralising cobra venom, the last received specimens being especially active. I do not propose on the present occasion to go into the details of my experiments. I may, however, briefly mention a semi-practical application that I have been able to make of P...

We analyzed a 16-year (1996-2011) time series of catch and effort data for 23 species with mean weights ranging from 0.8 kg to 224 kg, recorded by observers in the Hawaii-based deep-set longline fishery. Over this time period, domestic fishing effort, as numbers of hooks set in the core Hawaii-based fishing ground, has increased fourfold. The standardized aggregated annual catch rate for 9 smal...

A new species of Oxybelis is described from Isla de Roatán, Honduras. It differs from all species of Oxybelis in its tan to golden yellow coloration, in having a higher number of subcaudals as well as in other details of color and scutellation. The new species is closely related to O. fulgidus and is thought to be derived from a fulgidus-like ancestor (i.e., is the sister species to fulgidus) t...

A three year retrospective study was done to study snakebite envenomation among Kashmiri children. Ten children were admitted with snakebite. Snakebite was vasculotoxic in seven and mixed in two. Levantine viper bites were seen in five who had Grade 3 bites with severe local signs, severe coagulopathy and hypotension. Both environmental risk and seasonal incidence was observed.

he suddenly cried out that something had bitten g on the right foot. On examining the foot it ^ found that there were two small punctured wounds J , two drops of blood on the inner side of the right j ^ A dead frog in a macerated condition was found , the patient's bed. The boy's relatives at once ca an ojha to treat the case. He continued treatrfl : up to 6 a.m. when the boy became unconscious...

Envenoming snakebites are thought to be a particularly important threat to public health worldwide, especially in rural areas of tropical and subtropical countries. The true magnitude of the public health threat posed by snakebites is unknown, making it difficult for public health officials to optimize prevention and treatment. The objective of this work was to conduct a systematic review of th...

1 Belian categories 3 1.1 Complexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.2 Diagram chase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.3 Snake Lemma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.4 Delta functors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

This article focuses on the medically relevant arachnid species found in North America and selected other arachnids from around the world. While it is largely still true that the geographic location of the envenomation assists in determining the species responsible, the booming trade in arachnids as exotic pets should prompt the clinician to inquire into this possibility. Expert advice should b...

The author's personal experience of the management of wild animal injuries in the southern African bush over a period of 4 years is presented. Injuries were sustained from attacks by hippopotamus in 4 cases, buffalo in 2 cases and a lion in one case. The types of injuries and their management are presented. Causative factors, prevention and possible complications are reviewed. Twenty-one cases ...