background: score worksheets have been extracted for phd candidates in epidemiology, microbiology and parasitology for the academic year of 1386-87. the main objective in this study is the impact and importance of different subjects on the discrimination results of admission. methods: extracted scores from worksheets are analyzed by minitab15 statistical toolbox. the regression values of differ...

Understanding brain function is to account for how the sensory system is integrated with the organism's needs to organize behaviour. We review what is known about these processes with regard to chemosensation and chemosensory learning in Drosophila. We stress that taste and olfaction are organized rather differently. Given that, e.g., sugars are nutrients and should be eaten (irrespective of th...

Many studies have reported correlations between the activity of sensory neurons and animals' judgments in discrimination tasks. Here, we suggest that such neuron-behavior correlations may require a cortical map for the task relevant features. This would explain why studies using discrimination tasks based on disparity in area V1 have not found these correlations: V1 contains no map for disparit...

In different sources for the Galenic doetrine of smell there appear different elements in the nature of the sense of smell. What we shall suggest is that these accounts are as likely to vary because of varying emphasis as because of error in the copying of manuscripts. In the surviving works of Galen (AD 129 ?-I99) mention of the sense of smell and its objeets can be found in four places: (I) D...

Olfactory function is affected by age and gender. However, there are few data on smell function in various racial/cultural groups, in particular, in different-aged African-Americans. Therefore, this study sought to determine if there is a relationship among age, gender, and race for smell identification. Sixty healthy African-Americans and 60 Caucasians between the ages of 20-40 and 60-80 years...