In this paper, we report deposition of ZnO nanoparticles on stainless steel orthodontic wires by chemical solution method for the first time. The prepared samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX), visibleultraviolet diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM...

OBJECTIVE To understand the potential fracture mechanism of sternal wires, we collected extracted stainless steel sternal wires from patients with sternal dehiscence following open-heart operations. Surface alterations and fractured ends of sternal wires were inspected and analyzed. METHODS Eight fractured and 12 non-fractured wires extracted from five patients (closure method: figure-of-eigh...

The effects of shape on nanowire interactions and shear-induced ordering were studied. Both the normal and lateral forces were sensitive to the particles' curvature. (i) No adhesion was observed between the confining surfaces, and the force profiles were short-ranged and mostly reversible for straight wires but longer-ranged and irreversible for curved wires. (ii) Structural phase transitions c...

A subcell model for thin wires in the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method using modified telegraphers equations has been developed by Holland et al. In this paper we present an extension of their algorithm, which allows arbitrarily located and oriented wires with respect to the Cartesian grid. This is important to be able to accurately model wires that cannot be aligned to the Cartesian...

The problem of ordering and sizing parallel wires residing in a single metal layer within an interconnect channel is addressed in this paper. Wires are ordered such that cross-capacitances between neighboring wires are optimally shared for circuit delay minimization. Using an Elmore delay model including cross capacitances, an optimal wire ordering is uniquely determined, such that average sign...

We describe a complete FPGA-based emulation software system using Virtual Wires technology and present the results of emulating an 18K-gate ASIC implementation of a Sparc microprocessor. Virtual wires overcomes the pincount limitation that formerly restricted the efficiency of FPGAbased logic emulators. The MIT Virtual Wires softwire compiler accepts a netlist description of the system to be em...

This study examines the formation of bacterial biofilms on percutaneous wires used for fracture fixation. Twelve control (clinically uninfected) wires and ten infected wires were collected and examined using broth culture and scanning electron microscopy. Three of the 12 control wires grew Staphylococcus spp. with very low bacterial counts in their percutaneous portions. In the clinically infec...

INTRODUCTION We conducted a biomechanical study comparing cerclage wiring using a power tool with the traditional manual method. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our study consisted of 4 experimental arms based on the method of fixation and diameter of wires. The 4 arms were: 1) power tool method using 0.8 mm cerclage wires, 2) power tool method using 1.0 mm cerclage wires, 3) conventional manual method...