The reliability of smart substations has a great significance on the safety and stability of smart grid operation. Taking the protection system in smart substation as an example, this paper constructs comprehensive reliability models to evaluate the reliability of smart substations with different architectures. The paper first illustrates two important aspects which affect the reliability of th...

Today’s electricity grid is evolving into the smart grid which ought to be reliable, flexible, efficient, and sustainable. To fulfill these requirements, the smart grid draws on a plenty of core technologies. Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI). These technologies facilitate easy and fast accumulation of different data, e.g. fine-grained meter readings. Various security and privacy concerns ...

Smart Grid refers to an intelligent grid that employs modern information and telecommunication technologies to meet the challenges relating to the power delivery in the future. These challenges are due to, among others, increased use of renewable energy and power supply reliability requirements of modern digital society. In order to fully realise the Smart Grids a new kind of approach for the p...

The inhibition behavior of N,N′-bis(2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone)-propandiimine (THAPP) as an environmentally friendly Salen Ligand on the corrosion inhibition of mild steel was studied in alkaline solution (pH=10) containing 3% NaCl. Measurements were carried out using electrochemical and surface techniques. The experimental results suggested that this compound was an ...

Zinc represents the most effective and economic corrosion protection especially for steel base materials. Improved corrosion resistance can be achieved by alloying zinc with small amounts (around 1 Yo) of transition metal elements like Co, Ni and Fe. Zn-Fe and Zn-Co alloys containing up to 1.5 Yo of the transition metal were plated using an alkaline and acidic electrolyte respectively. Zn-Ni al...

Various types of zinc-rich coatings are available for corrosion protection. The challenges associated with the proper specification and application of zinc-rich coatings are briefly discussed. The paper then focuses on data from various studies, which quantify the corrosion protection benefits of various types of zinc-rich coatings. ZINC RICH COATING TECHNOLOGIES Zinc-rich coatings are used by ...