This paper describes a new class of flight control actuators using Post-Buckled Precompressed (PBP) piezoelectric elements. These actuators are designed to produce significantly higher deflection and force levels than conventional piezoelectric actuator elements. Classical laminate plate theory (CLPT) models are shown to work very well in capturing the behavior of the free, unloaded elements. A...

Mechanical modeling of RF MEMS switches is important for performance optimization and device reliability. 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D linear analytical models have been proposed to analyze the electrostatic pull-in of a fixed-fixed beam at small deflection. However, most RF MEMS switch structures work at large deflection range. In this paper, 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D nonlinear analytical models suitable for lar...

We describe an atomic force microscope (AFM) for the characterization of self-sensing tunneling magnetoresistive (TMR) cantilevers. Furthermore, we achieve a large scan-range with a nested scanner design of two independent piezo scanners: a small high resolution scanner with a scan range of 5 × 5 × 5 μm(3) is mounted on a large-area scanner with a scan range of 800 × 800 × 35 μm(3). In order to...

The purpose of our study was to assess the mechanical effect on tattoo seals and eye makeup caused by a spatial magnetic gradient in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. Seven kinds of tattoo seals and three kinds of eye makeup, i.e., mascara, eye shadow, and eyeliner were used. On a 3.0-Tesla MRI, we determined these deflection angles according to a method established by the American S...

We report a microcantilever-based immunosensor operated in static deflection mode with a performance comparable with surface plasmon resonance, using single-chain Fv (scFv) antibody fragments as receptor molecules. As a model system scFv fragments with specificity to two different antigens were applied. We introduced a cysteine residue at the C terminus of each scFv construct to allow covalent ...

We present two new recovery-based a posteriori error estimates for the Hellan–Herrmann–Johnson method in Kirchhoff–Love plate theory. The first estimator uses postprocessed deflection and controls \(L^2\) moment discrete \(H^2\) error. second one \(L^2\times H^1\) total utilizes superconvergent field deflection. effectiveness of theoretical results is numerically validated several experiments.

We discuss the influence of large scale cosmic magnetic fields on the propagation of hadronic cosmic rays above 10 eV based on large scale structure simulations. Our simulations suggest that rather substantial deflection up to several tens of degrees at 10 eV are possible for nucleon primaries. Further, spectra and composition of cosmic rays from individual sources can depend on magnetic fields...

An approach to optical packet switching is discussed, which uses small, simplified optical elements for traffic routing, merging, and shaping. The elements are constructed from 2 2 switches and optical delay lines, and may be implemented in a variety of technologies. They are designed for use with deflection routing, and even when using only six switches in a module, a deflection probability of...

To explain the size effect found in the testing of plastic behavior of metals on the micrometer scale, four theories of strain-gradient plasticity, representing generalizations of the deformation theory of plasticity, have been developed since 1993––the pioneering original theory of Fleck and Hutchinson in two subsequent versions, the mechanism-based strain-gradient (MSG) plasticity of Gao and ...

A compact two-dimensional micro scanner with small volume, large deflection angles and high frequency is presented and the two-dimensional laser scanning is achieved by specular reflection. To achieve large deflection angles, the micro scanner excited by a piezoelectric actuator operates in the resonance mode. The scanning frequencies and the maximum scanning angles of the two degrees of freedo...