The duration of each episode of any one electrophysiological sleep stage or any episode of intervening wakefulness was determined in three kinds of disturbed sleep, namely, in naturally impaired sleep of late middle-aged, normal people, in sleep after caffeine administration, and in sleep after hypnotic drug withdrawal. When compared with the sleep of young people, the sleep of late middle-aged...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of a mandibular advancement device on apneas and sleep in mild, moderate, and severe obstructive sleep apnea. DESIGN Prospective study. SUBJECTS Forty-four of 47 patients included. INTERVENTION Individually adjusted mandibular advancement devices. MEASUREMENTS Polysomnographic sleep recordings for 1 night without the device and 1 night with it, with a m...

Six normal volunteers, aged 20 to 39 years, underwent 2 adaptation nights and three sessions of 2 consecutive experimental nights and days at 1-week intervals, according to a latin-square design. In the three sessions, subjects received either zopiclone, 3.75 mg or 7.5 mg, or placebo at 2215 h in a double-blind protocol. On nights 1 and 2 of each session, subjects were continuously monitored po...

Based on the knowledge that sensory processing continues during sleep and that a relationship exists between sleep and learning, a new strategy for treatment of idiopathic subjective tinnitus, consisted of customized sound stimulation presented during sleep, was tested. It has been previously shown that this treatment induces a sustained decrease in tinnitus intensity; however, its effect on br...

We study correlation properties of the magnitude and the sign of the increments in the time intervals between successive heartbeats during light sleep, deep sleep, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep using the detrended fluctuation analysis method. We find short-range anticorrelations in the sign time series, which are strong during deep sleep, weaker during light sleep, and even weaker during R...

The sleep homeostatic response significantly affects the state of anesthesia. In addition, sleep recovery may occur during anesthesia, either via a natural sleep-like process to occur or via a direct restorative effect. Little is known about the effects of isoflurane anesthesia on sleep homeostasis. We investigated whether 1) isoflurane anesthesia could provide a sleep-like process, and 2) the ...

UNLABELLED Sleep is characterized by a loss of behavioral responsiveness. However, recent research has shown that the sleeping brain is not completely disconnected from its environment. How neural activity constrains the ability to process sensory information while asleep is yet unclear. Here, we instructed human volunteers to classify words with lateralized hand responses while falling asleep....

The present study investigated the parameters of nocturnal sleep that mediate the relationship between morningness-eveningness preference and the sleep architecture of naps in university students. This study had a cross-sectional, descriptive correlational design. The sleep architecture of 52 students invited to take an afternoon nap in the laboratory was recorded. The morningness-eveningness q...

The large N1 wave of the auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) typically occurring to the first stimulus after a long silent interval seems to be associated with the involuntary initial-orienting response. Since the mechanisms involved in the generation of this brain response are assumed to be activated automatically, the present study aims at determining whether this electrophysiological re...

When presented with an auditory sequence, the brain acts as a predictive-coding device that extracts regularities in the transition probabilities between sounds and detects unexpected deviations from these regularities. Does such prediction require conscious vigilance, or does it continue to unfold automatically in the sleeping brain? The mismatch negativity and P300 components of the auditory ...