AIMS Craving for the rewarding effects of alcohol may be evoked by conditioned alcohol-like effects whereas conditioned compensatory responses may induce withdrawal relief craving. We tested the hypothesis that drinking in positive emotional states is associated with appetitive reactions to alcohol-associated cues and contributes to reward craving, while conditioned withdrawal is associated wit...

Different investigations have shown the stressfulness of exam periods and exam situations, manifested in increase of anxiety, depressiveness and negative emotional states as the exam approaches (Ellis & Fox, 2004; Gruzelier, Smith, Nagy, & Henderson, 2001; Laidlaw, Naito, Dwivedi, Enzor, & Brincat, 2003; Oaten & Chang, 2005; Ogden & Mtandabari, 1997; Vivian, Koh, & Chia, 2003). Apart from these...

In this paper, we show how to use common knowledge computationally in solving problems involving cooperation of multiple agents, when common knowledge is available. We will explain why a procedural approach to common knowledge is better suited to solving multiple-agent problems than a static one. We show, even if one can never prove that common knowledge has been attained ([Halpern and Moses, 1...

In the field of law, decisions in previous cases often play a significant role in the presentation and outcome of new cases. Lawyers are constantly recalling old cases to aid them in preparing their own briefs. How do lawyers remember cases? What are the features they use to organize and retrieve past decisions? How do lawyers learn which features are important? To address these Questions we ar...

This thesis proposal discusses control of dynamic systems and its relation to time. Although much research has been done concerning control of dynamic systems and decision making, little research exists about the relationship between time and control. Control is defined as the ability to keep a target system/ process in a desired state. In this study, properties of time such as fast, slow, over...

Research on human language must cope with diverse and abundant complexity. One common approach is to reduce the scope of study to single languages, single cultures, single situations and homogeneous sources of data. This succeeds, at the cost of becoming unaware of the broader complexities of the phenomena studied, and also at the cost of missing the broad applicability of narrow, successful re...

We address a key problem for computer vision: retrieving images that are instances of visual situations. Visual situations are concepts such as “a boxing match”, “a birthday party”, “walking the dog”, “a crowd waiting for a bus,” “a handshake”, or “a game of ping-pong,” whose instantiations in images are linked more by their common spatial and semantic structure than by low-level visual similar...

The aim of the study was to find typical errors of traffic participants leading to frequent traffic-conflicts. For this purpose ~5 registered conilicts and the types of behavior leading to them by observing 201 subjects driving along a standardized route and describing their behawar. The data collected this way. together uith Intormation about the driving record of the subjects obtained in expl...