there are many approaches for solving variety combinatorial optimization problems (np-compelete) that devided to exact solutions and approximate solutions. exact methods can only be used for very small size instances due to their expontional search space. for real-world problems, we have to employ approximate methods such as evolutionary algorithms (eas) that find a near-optimal solution in a r...

data envelopment analysis (dea) is a powerful tool for measuring relative efficiency of organizational units referred to as decision making units (dmus). in most cases dmus have network structures with internal linking activities. traditional dea models, however, consider dmus as black boxes with no regard to their linking activities and therefore do not provide decision makers with the reasons...

  This paper reviews briefly the development of physical vapour deposition based HTS thin film preparation technologies to today’s state-of-the-art methods. It covers the main trends of in-situ process and growth control. The current activities to fabricate tapes for power applications as well as to tailor interfaces in cuprate are described. Some future trends in HTS thin film research, both f...

کامپوزیت های زمینه آلومینیمی به دلیل خواصی همچون استحکام ویژه بالا، مقاومت به سایش خوب، ضریب انبساط حرارتی پایین و مقاومت به اکسیداسیون بالا کاربرد زیادی را در صنعت خودروسازی، صنایع نظامی و صنایع هوافضا پیدا کرده اند. یکی از روش های ساخت کامپوزیت های زمینه آلومینیمی، روش درجا می باشد که در آن فاز تقویت کننده از طریق انجام واکنش های شیمیایی بین عناصر یا بین عناصر و ترکیب های دیگر درون فاز زمینه ...