Introduction: Sinkholes are ground collapses that can cause significant damage to infrastructure and buildings. Part of the risk represented by sinkholes is related their abruptness difficulty in spotting advance exact location within a sinkhole-prone area. For this reason, urban planning informed an accurate mapping monitoring one most effective ways reduce risk. Methods: In study, we propose ...

MANET is network with mobile nodes which has no fixed infrastructure support. As the nodes are energy-constrained and have mobility in the real world, they are vulnerable to various kinds of attacks. Therefore intrusion detection system for protecting communications in such network is indispensable. In this paper we review the present state of the art of the intrusion detection systems (IDS) an...

This paper proposes a methodology for detecting networklayer anomalies in wireless sensor networks using weak process models (WPM). Weak process models are a non-parametric version of Hidden Markov models (HMM), wherein state transition probabilities are reduced to rules of reachability. Specifically, we present an intrusion detection system based on anomaly detection logic. It identifies any o...

DTNs are designed to work in post disaster scenario where partitions between nodes are large. To transfer messages in this situation DTN uses intermediate nodes to forward messages. The mechanism used here is store, carry and forward. But here, securely transferring messages from one node to other node is quite challenging task because an intermediate node may behaves maliciously. A malicious n...

This review considers the current literature on sinkhole formation and occurrence. It incorporates several examples from around the world in order to gain a broader geographical scope on the problem. Challenges associated with sinkholes center around atmospheric acidification (pollution) and the formation of dissolution sinkholes. In addition, urbanization and its imposed changes on surface dra...

Recent advances in wireless networks have prompted much research attention in the area of wireless sensor network (WSN). Sensor network consists of hundreds to thousands of low power multifunctioning sensor nodes operating in hostile environment with limited computational and sensing capabilities. These sensor devices are susceptible to various attacks such as selective forwarding or sinkhole a...