Numerous algorithms have been proposed to solve the shortest-pathproblem; many of them consider a single-mode network and crispcosts. Other attempts have addressed the problem of fuzzy costs ina single-mode network, the so-called fuzzy shortest-path problem(FSPP). The main contribution of the present work is to solve theoptimum path problem in a multimodal transportation network, inwhich the co...

introduction: transient cavitations induced by low frequency irradiation of ultrasound can be used to treat tumors. previous studies in in-vitro experiments have shown that induced cavitation by dual or multiple frequencies of ultrasound is greater than induced cavitation by single frequency irradiation. in this study, we compared and evaluated the treatment effects of dual frequency irradiatio...

The industrial Internet of Things (IoT) is aiming to interconnect humans, machines, materials, processes and services in a network. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) comprises the less power consuming, light weight and effective Sensor Nodes (SNs) for higher network performance. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and sensor networks are both wireless technologies that provide limitless future po...

The spread of non-indigenous species (NIS) through the global shipping network (GSN) has enormous ecological and economic cost throughout the world. Previous attempts at quantifying NIS invasions have mostly taken “bottom-up” approaches that eventually require the use of multiple simplifying assumptions due to insufficiency and/or uncertainty of available data. By modeling implicit species exch...

rthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been recently adopted by major manufacturers and by standardization bodies for a wide range of wireless and wireline applications ranging from digital video/audio broadcasting to power-line communications. The major virtues of OFDM are 1) its resilience to multipath propagation providing a viable low-complexity and optimal (in the maximum lik...

A new divide-and-conquer method for estimating the frequency of a single complex sinusoid in additive uncorrelated noise is proposed. Its computational complexity is comparable to previous fast methods (roughly 2N complex multiplies and log2(N) arctangents for N a power of 2). However, it nearly achieves the Cramer-Rao bound for a wider range of input frequency and signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) v...

The estimation of the frequency of a single sinusoid embedded in additive white Gaussian noise is one of the classical problems of signal processing. It has importance in many applications in communications, where frequency estimation is used for decoding, and in radar processing and sonar processing. The problem of frequency estimation has been widely explored, but there is still room for a be...