the quest for power has formed much of the world history especially in 20th and 21st centuries. oil (energy) particularly after industrial revolution has been a tool for conquest and power and has been transformed to a geopolitical issue. from a geopolitical point of view this has been the case for the last two centuries in central asia and caucasus. central asia and caucasus has always been...

having conducted the experiment and analysed the data, the researcher computed the groups mean scores and variances for the test relating to the research question. as the final atep, a t-test was conodonted for the hypothesis. as noted earlier, the significance level was determined at .05 and .01 respectively. the observed t-value was higher than the critical t-value at. 5 and .01 levels. conse...

this study attempts to investigate the effect of peers’ revision in comparison to that of the teacher, and whether peers’ comments and teachers’ comments facilitate students’ revision? if yes, which one is more effective? also attempts have been made to see which aspects of language are more highlighted by peers versus teachers when commenting. besides, it is investigating the student’s attitud...

One of the people whose views on tradition caused much controversy is Mahmood Abu Riyyah. In his book Adhwaala al-Sunnah al-Muhammadiyyah he discusses certain issues which could not be acceptable to the Sunni students of hadith and, therefore, they accused him of opposing tradition. In contrast, his views on the Sunni circles of hadith have been greatly welcomed in the Shiite world, especiall...

abstract this study evaluates the iranian pre-university english textbook in terms of needs, objectives, content, and methodology. the study was designed on the qualitative- quantitative survey basis using interviews and questionnaires, a researcher-made textbook evaluation checklist and a needs analysis questionnaire. the textbook evaluation questionnaire was used in this study to elicit the ...

abstract this quasi-experimental study was aimed at examining the impact of storyline complexity on the grammatical accuracy and complexity of advanced and intermediate efl learners. a total of 65 advanced and intermediate efl learners were selected from iran language institute (ili). an intact group including 35 intermediate participants and another intact group with 30 advanced participants ...

Ahmad ibn Ali al-Najashi is one of the eminent experts in the science of hadith transmitters and bibliography, and his book on the transmitters of hadith is considered the most important among the four major books on the Shii science of transmission of hadith. He was the disciple of many Masters, some of whom were the most eminent scholars in the science of the transmitters of hadith and biblio...