The aqueous photoreactions of three halide ions (chloride, bromide and iodide) were studied using a diode array spectrophotometer to drive and detect the process at the same time. The concentration and pH dependences of the halogen formation rates were studied in detail. The experimental data were interpreted by improving earlier models where the cage complex of a halogen atom and an electron h...

In this work, efficient mixed organic cation and mixed halide (MA0.7FA0.3Pb(I0.9Br0.1)₃) perovskite solar cells are demonstrated by optimizing annealing conditions. AFM, XRD and PL measurements show that there is a better perovskite film quality for the annealing condition at 100 °C for 30 min. The corresponding device exhibits an optimized PCE of 16.76% with VOC of 1.02 V, JSC of 21.55 mA/cm² ...

Hybrid lead perovskites containing a mixture of organic and inorganic cations and anions have led to solar cell devices with performance and stability that are better than those of their single-halide analogs. 207Pb solidstate nuclear magnetic resonance and single-particle photoluminescence spectroscopies show that the structure and composition of mixed-halide and likely other hybrid lead perov...

from the plants nutrition view point, silicon has not been recognized as an essential element but its useful effects on growth and development of many plants have been reported. in order to study the effect of application of different silicon on the yield component of wheat, an experiment was conducted in the city torbat heidarieh located in razavi khorasan province. the experiment was performe...

für Naturforschung in cooperation with the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Dieses Werk wurde im Jahr 2013 vom Verlag Zeitschrift für Naturforschung in Zusammenarbeit mit der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. digitalisiert und unter folgender Lizenz veröffentlicht: Creative Commons Namen...

An experimentally simple sequential one-pot RuAAC reaction, affording 1,5-disubstituted 1H-1,2,3-triazoles in good to excellent yields starting from an alkyl halide, sodium azide, and an alkyne, is reported. The organic azide is formed in situ by treating the primary alkyl halide with sodium azide in DMA under microwave heating. Subsequent addition of [RuClCp*(PPh(3))(2)] and the alkyne yielded...

One major synthetic route to the synthesis of benzyl amines, ethers, and esters is the nucleophilic substitution of a benzylic halide. To develop a method for the facile synthesis and functionalization of the isosteric azaborines, 2-chloromethyl-2,1-borazaronaphthalene has been synthesized in one step to afford a similar common precursor to a benzylic halide. This B-N isostere has been shown to...

When an alkyl halide is prepared from an alcohol and a hydrogen halide, protonation converts the LOH group into a good leaving group. However, if the alcohol molecule contains a group that might be sensitive to strongly acidic conditions, or if milder or even nonacidic conditions must be used for other reasons, different ways of converting the LOH group into a good leaving group are required. M...

The reduction of the charge of the species in molten salts, including the complete removal of the Coulomb interaction, appears to have the same eFect as an increase in the pressure on these systems. This observation leads to the prediction that a continuous pressure-induced structural change is to be found in the noble-metal halide melts at much lower pressures than those used to induce a simil...