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Angiostrongylus costaricensis is a zoonotic parasitic nematode that causes abdominal or intestinal angiostrongyliasis in humans. It is endemic to the Americas. Although the mitochondrial genome of the Brazil taxon has been published, there is no available mitochondrial genome data on the Costa Rica taxon. We report here the complete mitochondrial genome of the Costa Rica taxon and its genetic d...

Centromeres are the chromosomal sites of assembly for kinetochores, the protein complexes that attach to spindle fibers and mediate separation of chromosomes to daughter cells in mitosis and meiosis. In most multicellular organisms, centromeres comprise a single specific family of tandem repeats-often 100-400 bp in length-found on every chromosome, typically in one location within heterochromat...

Significant variations in vector biology within and between countries have been reported in malaria epidemiological studies1. It is now generally agreed that a clear understanding of the detailed epidemiology of the disease is a pre-requisite to effective malaria control in the African sub-region2. Anopheles gambiae complex (Diptera: Culicidae) is one of the most efficient vectors of Plasmodium...

Objectives: Sibling relationships are often among the longest lasting relationships between people, and more than two-thirds of adolescents with siblings introduce their siblings as the most important people in their life. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of communication skills on sibling relationships among the adolescents with Down syndrome. Methods:  <a c...

Four models are presented describing zygotic frequencies a t two loci for one or two sympatric but genetically differentiated populations or “gamodemes.” Linkage disequilibrium within gamodemes is allowed in two of the models. Maximum likelihood criteria are used to fit the models to the observed numbers of zygotes in a sample. A fitting-testing sequence for choosing a best model is described a...