Ethanol Internal Combustion Engines HIGHLIGHTS PROCESS AND TECHNOLOGY STATUS – The use of biofuels (e.g. bio-ethanol and biodiesel) in the transport sector can save significant amounts of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Internal combustion engines (ICEs) can run on bio-ethanol manufactured from biomass or waste through biochemical processes. Agricultural feedstock such as sugar...

Though there are multiple viable powertrain options available for the automotive sector, those that contain internal combustion engines will continue to account majority of global sales next several decades. It is therefore imperative pursuit novel concepts produce efficiency levels significantly higher than current engines. Introducing high dilution in spark ignited (SI) has consistently prove...

Maximizing the fuel economy while lowering exhaust emissions highly depend on precise air-fuel ratio (AFR) control. The major challenge in control of AFR is time-varying delay, which an inherent reason for performance degradation and instability. For analysis, time delay approximated by Padé approximation, leading to a non-minimum phase system that exhibits difficulty controlling due its zeroes...

The study examines the effect of transformation ratio in power transmission system on engine efficiency as a function of passenger vehicle velocity (m = 1400 kg) with energy-saving vehicle drive. The study also presents working range in driving phases for energy-saving speed control up to 120 km/h for a simplified overall engine performance map for SI engine. Understanding of the presented cons...

One essential part of automated diagnosis systems for SI engines is due to elements of air path system. The diagnosis task is getting more challenging by including Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) which its transient effects on temperament complexity of the air-path system are quite significant. The faults occur in this subsystem can result in deviation in air-fuel ratio, which causes increased ...

The super-knock poses new challenges for further increasing the power density of spark ignition (SI) engines. critical factors and mechanism connecting regarding occurrence are still unclear. Misfire is a common phenomenon in SI engines that mixture cylinder not ignited normally, which often caused by plug failure. However, effect misfire on engine combustion has been paid enough attention to, ...

Snapshot Isolation (SI) is a multiversion concurrency control that has been implemented by open source and commercial database systems such as PostgreSQL and Oracle. The main feature of SI is that a read operation does not block a write operation and vice versa, which allows higher degree of concurrency than traditional two-phase locking. SI prevents many anomalies that appear in other isolatio...

this study aimed to evaluate persian search engines based on the criteria obtained from alexa databank using correspondence analysis. through searching the web, 23 search engines were found, which due to their cease and no coverage by alexa, this number was reduced to 16. data analysis revealed that ghatreh search engine occupied a high rank in most of attributes like traffic rank, time spent o...

The demand for fossil fuels is increasing because of globalization and rising energy demands. As a result, many nations are exploring alternative sources, hydrogen an efficient practical fuel. In the transportation industry, development hydrogen-powered cars aims to maximize fuel efficiency significantly reduce exhaust gas emission concentration. impact using as supplementary spark ignition (SI...