A 31-year-old man was admitted to our hospital due to hydrocephalus with neurosarcoidosis. Ventriculo-peritoneal shunting was performed in the right lateral ventricle with intravenous methylprednisolone. Subsequently, after 4 months, additional ventriculo-peritoneal shunting in the left lateral ventricle was performed due to the enlarged left lateral ventricle and slit-like right lateral ventri...

Two patients with long tunnel-type patent foramen ovale presented for elective transcatheter closure following transient ischaemic attack and stroke. Right to left shunting was confirmed on transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography. A new technique that used a transseptal procedure was devised to enable closure of the tunnel-type patent foramen ovale using the CardioSEAL transseptal o...

This study prospectively attempted to assess the need for shunting by preoperative digital compression of the proximal common carotid artery and correlated these findings with intraoperative assessment while performing carotid endarterectomy under local anaesthesia. Preoperative digital compression is highly predictive of the need for shunting intra-operatively and can be used as a valuable tes...

The explanation of the multi-exponential washout of inert gas tracers from skeletal muscle is a source of controversy. The two most likely explanations are a heterogeneous flow pattern and countercurrent shunting of gas. Autoradiographs of canine skeletal muscle obtained after injection of *‘Kr indicate that heterogeneous flow is present in this preparation which would cause multi-exponential c...

INTRODUCTION: Congenital hydrocephalus, the most common cause of macrocephaly, is usually treated with ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting. Despite shunting, changes to the overlying cranial bones cause calvarial expansion and distortion. Reduction cranioplasty can be performed to approach proper cranial size, shape, and cephalocranial proportion. However, consistent results are difficult to ach...

We report on a 5-year-old boy with seeding of the peritoneum and a ventriculoperitoneal shunt tract by anaplastic medulloblastoma. The role of ventriculoperitoneal shunting in the spread of primary central nervous system tumors has been controversial. In the case reported here, the unique distribution of tumor implants on ultrasound and multiplanar computed tomography gives further credence to ...

OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of hepatopulmonary syndrome in children with chronic liver disease, and its clinical and biochemical associations. METHOD This study included 53 children with chronic liver disease, who underwent contrast echocardiography with agitated saline and measurement of arterial blood gases. RESULTS Of the 53 patients studied, 18 had intrapulmonary shunting of bl...

A pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) causes a dramatic pressure overload to the right heart. Previous case reports have shown that elevated right atrial pressure secondary to a PTE can cause right-to-left shunting in the presence of an atrial septal aneurysm (ASA). A 57-year-old female with diabetes, hypertension, and an old cerebral infarction was admitted to our hospital with acute PTE. Initial ...

Numerous learning rules have been devised to carry out computational tasks in various neural network models. However, the rules for determining how a neuron integrates thousands of synaptic inputs on the dendritic arbors of a realistic neuronal model are still largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the properties of integration of excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in a ...

Shunting scheduling problems at railway depot can be regarded as a sort of resource constrained project scheduling problem (RCPSP). Unlike the normal RCPSPs, however, shunting scheduling problems require that the number of activities which form a project has to be dynamically changed in the problem solving process and some of the activities have to be performed at a prescribed timing, for examp...