[1] Using data from the charged particle telescopes on V1 and V2 we have followed the progress of a large interplanetary shock as it passes V2 at a distance of 79 AU at about 2006.16, then later crosses the heliospheric termination shock finally reaching V1 at a distance 100 AU. A decrease 15% is observed in the V2 >70 MeV rate starting at 2006.19 and three smaller decreases starting at 2006.29...

Although we rarely see a shock wave in everyday life, we experience them upon hearing the sound of an explosion, the bang of a gunshot, or the crack of a whip. In addition, objects that travel at supersonic speeds, such as bullets and missiles, also generate shock waves. During a typical shock-loading process, large pressures generated at the shock front can lead to an increase in the reactants...

present paper investigates the numerical solution of two-dimensional unsteady compressible navier-stokes equations by a new scheme based on the finite volume method. kinetic energy preserving (kep) scheme is introduced for solving the supersonic and transonic external compressible flow field on very fine grids (with a number of cells of the order of the reynolds number) without artificial dissi...

A wave traveling upward through a particle bed is observed to steepen and form a shock as the surface is approached. This steepening is due to the increase in the local speed of sound that is induced by the local pressure increase in the upward moving phase of the wave behind the wave front. The pressure increase leads to an increase in the local coordination number which in turn increases the ...

We discuss the X-ray emission observed from Supernova Remnant 1987A with the Chandra X-ray Observatory. We analyze a high resolution spectrum obtained in 1999 October with the high energy transmission grating (HETG). From this spectrum we measure the strengths and an average profile of the observed X-ray lines. We also analyze a high signal-to-noise ratio CCD spectrum obtained in 2000 December....

the problem of creation and subsequent propagation of bore has been examined and studied by a number of investigators who they were interested in unsteady flow problems for which sudden changes in either flow or depth or both occur. in this paper, the shock conditions and the method of characteristics for predicting the downstream flooding produced by a dam failure. in the dam-break problem whe...

SparkJet (SPJ) actuator was used to control shock and shock-on-shock interaction in high-enthalpy hypersonic flow with a total temperature of 4490 K Mach number 6.9 for the first time. Aiming at characteristics rarefied gas flight environment, authority SPJ improved by air supply method. The process interacting crossflow near ramp obtained using high-speed schlieren camera. When pressurized cav...

The introduction of non-linear, shock-capturing schemes has improved numerical predictions of hydraulic bores but significant numerical oscillations have been reported in the predictions of pipe-filling bore fronts associated with the transition between open-channel and pressurized flow regimes. These oscillations can compromise the stability of numerical models. A study of these oscillations i...

A new collocated finite volume-based solution procedure for predicting viscous compressible and incompressible flows is presented. The technique is equally applicable in the subsonic, transonic, and supersonic regimes. Pressure is selected as a dependent variable in preference to density because changes in pressure are significant at all speeds as opposed to variations in density which become v...

The nonlinear evolution of unstable C-type shocks in weakly ionized plasmas is studied by means of time-dependent magnetohydrodynamical simulations. This study is limited to shocks in magnetically dominated plasmas (in which the Alfvén speed in the neutrals greatly exceeds the sound speed), and microphysical processes such as ionization and recombination are not followed. Both two-dimensional s...