In this paper we study the decidability of reachability, normalisation, and neededness in n-shallow and n-growing TRSs. In an n-growing TRS, a variable that occurs both on the leftand right-hand side of a rewrite rule must be at depth n on the left-hand side and at depth greater than n on the right-hand side. In an n-shallow TRS, a variable that occurs both on the leftand right-hand side of a r...

We show that uni cation in certain extensions of shallow equational theories is decidable Our extensions generalize the known classes of shallow or standard equational theories In order to prove de cidability of uni cation in the extensions a class of Horn clause sets called sorted shallow equational theories is introduced This class is a natural extension of tree automata with equality constra...

lysimeter tests were conducted on shallow groundwater that supplies part of the maize water requirements to determine crop yield. twenty-four 0.8 m diameter lysimeters were buried in the test field at a depth of 1.2 m. the lysimeters were filled with the field soil (silty loam) and planted with summer maize. the groundwater depth in the lysimeters was set at 0.6 m using marriotte bottles. three...

Abstract The hydraulic performance of stilling basins is affected by their size and geometry. Taunsa Barrage, Pakistan, was constructed in 1958 remodelled 2008. In remodelling, baffle friction blocks were replaced chute dentated sill. After sounding, probing data during 2010–2014 revealed that flexible apron front some bays washed away. This study quantified parameters such as free surface, flo...

The transition from supercritical to subcritical flow around a fully submerged abrupt negative step in horizontal rectangular open channel has been investigated. In laboratory experiment the one-dimensional energy and momentum conservation equations were studied by means of depth pressure measurements piezometers installed along bottom face. Froude number varied range 1.9 5.8 while height criti...

The traditional Three-dimensional (3D) model for stability analysis of a large underground cavern group only includes the main powerhouse, transformer chamber, tailrace surge tank, electrical wire hall, and part diversion tunnel tailwater tunnel. Other caverns excavation are not taken into consideration, which is inconsistent with actual project. In this study, 3D Finite Element Method (FEM) mo...

Constructed wetlands, as natural sewage treatment ecosystems, have been widely used in the fields of rural domestic and plant tailwater treatment. However, synchronous removal phosphorus most constructed wetlands is not ideal. This study aimed to prepare thermally modified sepiolites with high adsorption capacities design a wetland based on them. Thermal modification was adopted enhance capacit...

Indigenous mixed populations of anaerobic microorganisms from an irrigation tailwater drain and submerged agricultural chemical waste pit readily biodegraded the major isomer of endosulfan (endosulfan I). Endosulfan I was biodegraded to endosulfan diol, a low toxicity degradation product, in the presence of organic carbon sources under anaerobic, methanogenic conditions. While there was extensi...

We evaluated the movement of adult brown trout Salmo trutta and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in relation to a catch-andrelease area in the White River downstream from Beaver Dam, Arkansas. Nine fish of each species were implanted with radio transmitters and monitored from July 1996 to July 1997. The 1.5km river length of a catch-and-release area (closed to angler harvest) was greater than ...