We present a new translation model that include undecorated hierarchical-style phrase rules, decorated source-syntax rules, and partially decorated rules. Results show an increase in translation performance of up to 0.8% BLEU for German–English translation when trained on the news-commentary corpus, using syntactic annotation from a source language parser. We also experimented with annotation f...

This paper tries to discuss the interrelation between prosody and syntax by clarifying some syntactic constraints in Chinese prosodic segmentation and grouping. The main attention will be paid to search for (1) possible correlation between prosodic breaks and syntactic construction; (2) possible correlation between prosodic breaks and POS; and (3) the role of syntactic and lexical information i...

The thymus is an organ for T lymphocyte maturation and is indispensable for the establishment of a highly developed immune system in vertebrates. In order to genetically dissect thymus organogenesis, we carried out a large-scale mutagenesis screening for Medaka mutations affecting recombination activating gene 1 (rag1) expression in the developing thymus. We identified 24 mutations, defining at...

The pharyngeal skeleton is a key vertebrate anatomical system in debates on the origin of jaws and gnathostome (jawed vertebrate) feeding. Furthermore, it offers considerable potential as a source of phylogenetic data. Well-preserved examples of pharyngeal skeletons from stem-group gnathostomes remain poorly known. Here, we describe an articulated, nearly complete pharyngeal skeleton in an Earl...

Introduction Arterial arches of hand are the major blood supply to the structures in the hand. The two arches, superficial and deep palmar arches make an important anastomose between the radial and ulnar arteries. Superficial palmar arch (SPA) is formed by direct continuation of ulnar artery, i.e. superficial palmar branch, completed on lateral side by one of the three branches of radial artery...

Objective: The knowledge of variations in branching pattern of aortic arch is of paramount importance to the surgeons operating in the supra-sternal and retro-sternal region and the radiologists imaging the arch and its branches. The authors therefore conducted a study on the branching pattern of the aortic arches in fifty heart specimens. The different patterns of branching were photographed a...

Objective. To quantify effects on occlusion and temporomandibular function of mandibular distal extension removable partial dentures in shortened dental arches. Methods. Subjects wearing mandibular extension removable partial dentures (n = 25) were compared with subjects with shortened dental arches without extension (n = 74) and with subjects who had worn a mandibular extension removable parti...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between caries and malocclusion in the early and late mixed dentition in a population of children of Chinese migrant workers in Shanghai. METHODS Dental charts were obtained for 646 children in the mixed dentition, aged between 6 and 13 years old. The decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index and interproximal tooth structure lost due to caries (IT...

The proper function of the craniofacial skeleton requires the proper shaping of many individual skeletal elements. Neural crest cells generate much of the craniofacial skeleton and morphogenesis of skeletal elements occurs in transient, reiterated structures termed pharyngeal arches. The shape of individual elements depends upon intrinsic patterning within the neural crest as well as extrinsic ...

BACKGROUND A high percentage of young children present with flatfeet. Although the percentage of those with flatfeet declines with age, about 15% of the population maintains a flat arch. A reduction in longitudinal arch height usually combines with excessive subtalar joint pronation and may be related to other musculoskeletal problems of the lower extremity kinetic chain. The purpose of this st...