An intermolecular Zn(2+)-binding site was identified in the structure of the T1 domain of the Shaw-type potassium channels (aKv3.1). T1 is a BTB/POZ-type domain responsible for the ordered assembly of voltage-gated potassium channels and interactions with other macromolecules. In this structure, a Zn(2+) ion was found to be coordinated between each of the four assembly interfaces of the T1 tetr...

Background & Aim:A new sustainable tissue-based system is presented by plant hairy roots, preserving all of the several specialized types of cell with critical roles in allowing bioactive secondary molecules to be synthesized more consistently as usual. The system is also essential for studying the production of alkaloid in culture. Experimental: The ...

The absent, small or homeotic discs1 gene (ash1) is one of the trithorax set of genes. Recessive loss of function mutations in ash1 cause homeotic transformations of imaginal disc derived tissue which resemble phenotypes caused by partial loss or gain of function mutations in genes of the Antennapedia Complex and bithorax Complex. F2 screens were used to isolate P element insertion alleles and ...

Four subfamilies of voltage-gated K"*" channels {Shaker, Shal, Shab and Shaw) have been defined that are present in many species to regulate neuronal excitability. The well characterized simple leech nervous system is ideal to study the roles K+ channels have in regulating neuronal circuits. As a starting point for studies to examine the role of K+ channels in well defined leech circuitry, we r...

Malacological stud ies of two pro files of the Holsteinian (Mazovian) Inter gla cial from east ern Po land – Roskosz and Wilczyn 1/12 – are pre sented. They are con nected with the north ern part of the Wilczyn palaeolake and seems to doc u ment palaeo eco logi cal changes in the part of the cli ma tic op ti mum and the post-op ti mal pe riod. Mol lusc com mu ni ties are typ i cal of lake en vi...

In mammals, the precise circadian timing of many biological processes depends on the generation of oscillations in neural activity of pacemaker cells in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. Understanding the ionic mechanisms underlying these rhythms is an important goal of research in chronobiology. Previous work has shown that SCN neurons express A-type potassium currents (IA...

BACKGROUND Despite advances in medical therapy, congestive heart failure remains a major cause of death in the developed world. A disproportionate number of the deaths of patients with heart failure are sudden and presumed to be arrhythmic. Heart failure in humans and in animal models is associated with prolongation of the action potential duration (APD), the result of downregulation of K+ curr...

The purpose of this paper is to determine to what exíent the contemporaneous state of chivalry has influenced Chaucer's Knight in his literary endeavor. First I analyze the Knight's personality, which evinces his militant and nonconformist nature: as opposed to the majority of knights, Chaucer's Knight, in an attempt to uphold the ideal of chivalry, is engaged in religious campaigns, while he r...

This paper is a critical examination of both the nature of learning and its value in artificial intell igence. After examining alternative definitions it is concluded that learning is in fact any process for the acquisition of synthetic a posteriori knowledge structures. The suggestion that learning will not prove useful in machines is examined and it is argued. that i ts main application in pr...

1. lntroduction I shall start by taking a fairly simple Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) of the type developed by Steedrnan over the past decade or so (e.g. Steedman 1996) including rules of functional application, and functional composition. I shall have nothing to say about functional substitution in this paper, and shall assume that there are type-raised categories in the lexicon (e.g. S...