This paper describes research undertaken to develop an approach for facilitating an initial hazard assessment and risk characterisation for a proposed indirect potable reuse scheme, as part of the water safety plan recommended by the World Health Organization. The process involved a description and evaluation of the catchment, which was the sewerage system supplying the sewage treatment works t...

Pathogens and antibiotics enter the aquatic environment via sewage effluents and may pose a health risk to wild life and humans. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of faecal bacteria, and selected antibiotic residues in raw wastewater and treated sewage effluents from three different sewage treatment plants in the Western Cape, South Africa. Sewage treatment plant 1 and 2 use old...

Mumbai, the financial capital of India is generating about 2700 MLD of sewage from seven service areas and discharging into adjoining coast, Malad, Mahim, Marve and Thane Creeks. The coastal and creeks water quality is deteriorating due to disposal of partially treated sewage, wastewater from open drains as well as industrial wastewater. The objective of present paper is to assess and evaluate ...

Background: The application of biochar as a soil amendment has achieved popularity and has been found to improve considerably soil nutrient status and plant productivity in low fertile soils. Methods: This study used two different methods to apply sewage sludge and sewage sludge biochar with three replicates in a completely randomized block design. The experiment included (1) control, (2) mulc...

Nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) in groundwater is becoming a ubiquitous problem, particularly in rural and suburban areas where domestic water supplies are obtained from individual on-lot water supply wells. Nitrate in groundwater can come from natural sources such as soil, bedrock and organic material; however, the overwhelming loading of nitrate originates from anthropogenic sources, particularly ag...

very favourably some time ago. The present volume is intended for the public health student and will be found very useful by medical officers at home on leave, who are working for that most useful diploma, the D. P. H. The first 126 pages of this book is taken up with the chemical, microscopical and physical examination of water for public health purposes. Part II treats of the analysis of sewa...

OBJECTIVE To monitor the presence of pharmaceutical residues of 14 psychoactive drugs belonging to three therapeutic groups in the watersheds of Galicia (Spain). METHOD Five sewage treatment plants were selected in the main cities of Galicia. Thirteen psychoactive pharmaceutical compounds and one metabolite were chosen. In addition, tap water samples were taken from public places and private ...

Background & Aims of the Study: Vegetables are useful for humans as they contain minerals, vitamins, fiber and other nutrients. Eating raw vegetables are a nutritional habit in Iranian families. Raw eating vegetables is the main source of parasitic infections. The aim of this study was to determine microbial contamination of raw vegetables in Ahvaz, Iran during 2014-2015. ...

Regulatory requirements – Control of pollution in receiving waters is the main reason for regulation. Many jurisdictions are moving towards regulations prohibiting discharges of untreated sewage into water bodies, and this is a problem for many older systems that carry combined stormwater and sanitary sewage. Even the quality of urban stormwater is coming under scrutiny and limits are being imp...