We propose in this report a novel approach to the induction of the structure of Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). The notion of partially observable Markov models (POMMs) is introduced. POMMs form a particular case of HMMs where any state emits a single letter with probability one, but several states can emit the same letter. It is shown that any HMM can be represented by an equivalent POMM. The pro...

Background: Models of codon evolution have proven useful for investigating the strength and direction of natural selection. In some cases, a priori biological knowledge has been used successfully to model heterogeneous evolutionary dynamics among codon sites. These are called fixed-effect models, and they require that all codon sites are assigned to one of several partitions which are permitted...

Giant cell hepatitis with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (GCH-AHA) is a rare autoimmune disease of infancy characterized by severe liver disease associated with Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia. We recently showed that GCH-AHA is probably caused by a humoral immune mechanism. Such data support the use of rituximab, an anti-CD-20 monoclonal antibody specifically targeting B lymphocytes, as a treatm...

Congenital esophageal stenosis (CES) is a rare clinical condition but is frequently associated with esophageal atresia (EA). The aim of this study is to report the diagnosis, management, and outcome of CES associated with EA. Medical charts of CES-EA patients from Lille University Hospital, Sainte-Justine Hospital, and Montreal Children's Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Seventeen patien...

ED FROM Ramos E, St-André M, Rey E, et al. Duration of antidepressant use during pregnancy and risk of major congenital malformations. Br J Psychiatry 2008;192:344–50. Correspondence to: Dr Anick Berard, CHU Sainte-Justine, Research Center, 3175 chenin de la Cote-Ste-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada; [email protected] Source of funding: Fonds de la Recherche en Sante du Quebec...

T h e f i r s t s t e p in m o s t c o r p u s b a s e d mul t i l i ngua l N L P work is t o c o n s t r u c t a det a i l e d m a p o f t h e c o r r e s p o n d e n c e b e t w e e n a t e x t a n d i ts t r a n s l a t i o n . Seve ra l au to m a t i c m e t h o d s fo r th i s t a sk have b e e n p rop o s e d in r e c e n t yea r s . "Yet e v e n t h e b e s t o f t h e s e m e t h o d s ...

Blood rheology, that embraces the study of the de formation and flow of the blood, is an outbursting science. There are reasons to think that the develop ment of blood rheology (or Hemorheology) will imply deep changes in medical thought concerning the diag nosis, prognosis or therapy of several clinical disor ders. Hemorheology is not a specific field of medicine or of any of the classic speci...

P ioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor agonist, is a relatively new oral antidiabetes agent. It has been shown to decrease insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes, resulting in lowered blood glucose concentrations and A1C values. It can be used alone or in combination with metformin or a sulfonylurea. The adverse effects of pioglitazone include weight gain, head...

In 2010, during a St. Petersburg summit on tigers, 13 tiger range countries agreed to double the global population by 2022. As result, long-term coordinated efforts have been implemented recover populations, including controlling illegal trade of protecting and restoring habitat movement corridors, patrolling against poaching. Local people pivotal conservation across states (Wikramanayake et al...

Sirs, Articular symptoms are reported in 25-50% p atients with idiopathic infl a m m at o ry myopathies (IIM) (1,2). Arthropathy in IIM is typically symmetri c a l , n o n d e fo rm i n g and non-erosive (1-4). A subluxing arthropathy, which may be associated with eros i o n , has been described in IIM pat i e n t s with anti-synthetase antibodies (2, 4-9). We report a patient with amyopathic d...