Many parasitoid species are subjected to strong selective pressures from their host, and their adaptive response may result in the formation of genetically differentiated populations, called host races. When environmental factors and reproduction traits prevent gene flow, host races become distinct species. Such a process has recently been documented within the Cotesia flavipes species complex,...

1Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Ahvaz, Iran; E-mail: [email protected] 2Departments of Biology, College of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran; E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 3Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran; E-m...

Competition or facilitation characterises intra- and interspecific interactions within communities of species that utilize the same resources. Temperature is an important factor influencing those interactions and eventual outcomes. The noctuid stemborers, Busseola fusca and Sesamia calamistis and the crambid Chilo partellus attack maize in sub-Saharan Africa. They often occur as a community of ...